abstractbackground and objective: microwave-assisted extraction (mae) is one of the novel, fast, and efficient methods for extraction of bioactive compounds. the aim of this study was optimization of mae of betalains from red beet (beta vulgaris) and evaluating antioxidant activity of its methanolic extract.materials and methods: the effects of independent variables namely, microwave power leve...

The anisotropy of the solid–liquid interfacial energy plays a key role during the formation of as-solidified microstructures. Using the n-vector formalism of Cahn and Hoffman, this contribution presents the effect that anisotropy has on the equilibrium shapes of crystals and on surface tension equilibrium at triple lines. Consequences for heterogeneous nucleation of anisotropic crystals and for...

An equilibrium Y-Si-0-N melt was infiltrated to eliminate the open porosity of reaction-bonded silicon nitride at 16001800°C. This oxynitride melt contained two equilibrium phases, a P-Si,N, solid phase and a liquid phase at high temperatures. Before infiltration, porous reaction-bonded silicon nitride compacts were heat-treated to completely transform to the P-Si3N, phase. After infiltration, ...

The experimental melting transition of finite two-dimensional dust clusters in a dusty plasma is analyzed using the method of instantaneous normal modes. In the experiment, dust clusters are heated in a thermodynamic equilibrium from a solid to a liquid state using a four-axis laser manipulation system. The fluid properties of the dust cluster, such as the diffusion constant, are measured from ...

Self-assembly of surface-active agents at solid–liquid interfaces is critical for many processes in nature and technology, including the stability of suspension, detergency, wetting and mineral separation. Historically, a detailed understanding of nanometerscale layers has emerged. However, surprisingly little is known about their dynamics—the key to non-equilibrium phenomena. Even in equilibri...

– We study the conduction of heat across a narrow solid strip trapped by an external potential and in contact with its own liquid. It is possible to produce structural changes in the trapped solid by altering the depth of the confining potential. We find, using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, supported wherever possible by simple analytical calculations, the thermal resistance in...

In this study, mixed suspensions of large hard polystyrene microspheres and small soft poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels are used as model systems to investigate the static and viscoelastic properties of suspensions which go through liquid to gel transitions. The microgels cause short-range attraction between microspheres through the bridging and depletion mechanism whose strength can be tu...

We report computer simulation studies of the kinetics of ordering of a two-dimensional system of particles on a template with a one-dimensional periodic pattern. In equilibrium, one obtains a reentrant liquid-solid-liquid phase transition as the strength of the substrate potential is varied. We show that domains of crystalline order grow as ~t(1/z), with z~4, with a possible crossover to z~2 at...