Transient states maintained by energy dissipation are an essential feature of dynamic systems where structures and functions regulated fluxes matter through chemical reaction networks. Perfected in biology, chemically fueled dissipative networks incorporating nanoscale components allow the unique properties nanomaterials to be bestowed with spatiotemporal adaptability responsiveness. We report ...

Superhydrophobic surfaces display water contact angles greater than 150 degrees in conjunction with low contact angle hysteresis. Microscopic pockets of air trapped beneath the water droplets placed on these surfaces lead to a composite solid-liquid-air interface in thermodynamic equilibrium. Previous experimental and theoretical studies suggest that it may not be possible to form similar fully...

in the present work, we have investigated the sorption efficiency of the treated activated carbon from walnut shell(acw) towards direct red 81 (dr81) and direct blue 71 (db71) for the removal from aqueous solution. thesorption study of acw at the solid-liquid interface was investigated using kinetic, sorption isotherms, ph effectand amount of adsorbent. experimental data were analyzed by langmu...

Partitioning of volatile chemicals among the gas, liquid, and solid phases during freezing of liquid water in clouds can impact trace chemical distributions in the troposphere and in precipitation. We describe here a numerical model of this partitioning during the freezing of a supercooled liquid drop. Our model includes the time-dependent calculation of the coupled processes of crystallization...

When a liquid touches a solid surface, it spreads to minimize the system's energy. The classic thin-film model describes the spreading as an interplay between gravity, capillarity, and viscous forces, but it cannot see an end to this process as it does not account for the nonhydrodynamic liquid-solid interactions. While these interactions are important only close to the contact line, where the ...

The recovery of bioactive products with green processes is a critical topic for the research and industry fields. In this work, application solid–liquid (SLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) aq. ethanol 90% v/v supercritical fluid (SFE) CO2 biocomponents from Scenedesmus obliquus studied. effects examined were temperature (30–60 °C), time (6–24 h), solvent-to-biomass ratio (20–90 mLsolv/gb...

Phase relations in the system CaO-SrO-PbO-O2 at 1100 K have been determined by equilibrating samples with different compositions in air, oxygen, or evacuated ampoules for 7 days and characterizing quenched specimens by optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive analysis of x-rays (EDX), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). There is a solid-state miscibility gap in the pseudo-binary sys...

The effects of impurities on the intergranular penetration of Bi based liquids in polycrystalline Ni at 700 C were systematically investigated. In comparison with a nominally pure Ni (99.9945%), the presence of a total amount of <0.5 at.% impurities of Mn, Fe and Si in the Ni increased the penetration length by six times when a near-equilibrium Bi–Ni liquid was applied; when an initially pure B...

in this work, a more accurate prediction of liquid evaporation flux has been achieved. the statistical rate theory approach, which is recently introduced by ward and fang and exact estimation of vapor pressure in the layer adjacent to the liquid–vapor interface have  been used for prediction of this flux. firstly, the existence of an equilibrium layer adjacent to the liquid-vapor interface is c...

Wax formation in hydrocarbon fluids at low temperatures is one of the harassing problems faced by the petroleum industry. The prevention of wax formation, the production of diesels more resistant at low temperatures and the design of new and better additives requires a good understanding of the crystallisation behaviour of the paraffin molecules. Better experimental techniques to study the wax ...