Materials exhibiting high ionic conductivities in the solid state at room temperature have mainly been found in silver ion conductors based on silver iodide and in copper ion conductors which are based on cuprous halide. Silver iodide and cuprous halide show low ionic conductivities at room temperature, while they are high conductivity solids at relatively higher temperatures. In order to obtai...

Several solid state quantum computer schemes are based on the manipulation of electron and nuclear spins of single donor atoms in a solid matrix. The fabrication of qubit arrays requires the placement of individual atoms with nanometer precision and high efficiency. In this article we describe first results from low dose, low energy implantations and our development of a low energy (<10 keV), s...

Enabling simple three-electrode (3E) setups for solid-state battery cells is important allowing investigation of individual electrodes to shed more light on interface charge transfer and reactions occurring in cells. Two different 3E are compared, their practical value evaluated. A miniaturized reference electrode ( ? -RE) developed from lithium-plated gold wires with a tungsten core providing ...

Ammonium ions wastewater pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of ammonium ions is a special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for ammonium ion removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat ammonium ...

In the last four decades, the uses and application of ion-selective electrodes was widely applied in several researches as well as analytical projects. These electrodes are varied between solid state electrodes, liquid membrane electrodes, gas membrane electrodes, and plastic membrane electrodes. Plasticizers are one of the major components of the plastic membranes. As it is usually known, they...