One of the interesting state-of-the-art approaches to welding is the process of friction stir welding (FSW). In comparison with the fusion processes, FSW is an advantageous method as it is suitable for the non-fusion weldable alloys and polymeric materials joining. Regarding the materials pure solid state joining, it also provides joints with less distortion and enhanced mechanical properties. ...

 phenytoine derivatives were synthesized , via the  pinacol condensation  with the  reaction of 1,3- diphenyl- propane- 1,3- dione (benzyl) analogs with urea or thiourea in presence of slica gel and solid KOH as Solid phase catalyst  in the mortar / pestle at room temperatures. The reaction was completed at short reaction times (approximately 15min) and pure products were obtained with high yie...

Copper oxide nanostructures have been successfully synthesized via one-step solid-state thermolysis of two metal-organic frameworks, [Cu3(btc)2] (1) and [Cu(tpa).(dmf)] (2), (btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, tpa = therephtalic acid = 1,4-benzendicarboxylic acid and dmf = dimethyl formamide) under air atmosphere at 400,  500, and 600°C. It has also been found that the reaction temperature pla...

The kinetics of solid–solid interfaces controls in part the course of heterogeneous reactions in the solid state, in particular in miniaturized systems. In this paper, the essential situations of interface kinetics in solids are defined, and the basic formal considerations are summarized. In addition to the role interfaces play as resistances for transport across them, they offer high diffusivi...

A basic alumina-spinel low cement castable (LCC) composed of sintered bauxite, reactive alumina, calcined alumina, calcined magnesia, microsilica, and high alumina refractory cement was prepared (castable A) to which 5% sodium hexa-meta phosphate was later added (castable B) to prepare samples for heat treatment at 110ºC, 900ºC, and 1400ºC. Bulk Density (BD), Apparent Porosity (AP), and Cold Cr...

silica-bonded n-propyltriethylene-tetramine (sbnptt) was found as an efficient solid base for the synthesis of 2-amino-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4h-chromenes. chromene derivatives were obtained via the three-component condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone at 80 oc under solvent-free conditions. the heterogeneous solid base showed much the same efficiency when u...

phenytoine derivatives were synthesized , via the  pinacol condensation  with the  reaction of 1,3- diphenyl- propane- 1,3- dione (benzyl) analogs with urea or thiourea in presence of slica gel and solid KOH as Solid phase catalyst  in the mortar / pestle at room temperatures. The reaction was completed at short reaction times (approximately 15min) and pure products were obtained with high yiel...

The mechanism, synthetic application, scaling, and industrial production with gas-solid and solid-solid reactions without producing wastes is outlined. These reactions profit from lowered activation energy (with respect to melt reactions), favorable kinetics with definite end of reaction, and mostly reaction specificity giving only one product in pure form without workup necessity. They proceed...

background bleaching of traumatized discolored teeth is considered an important issue in esthetic dentistry. various methods have been introduced for bleaching, some of which may have adverse effects on soft or hard tissues of the tooth. objectives the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of ktp laser bleaching on enamel of traumatized teeth. materials and methods a square of 36 m...

in this paper, nickel oxide (nio) nanoparticles have been prepared by solid state thermal decomposition of an acyclic nickel(ii) complex (1,2-bis(2-formyl-3-methoxyphenyl)propane)nickel(ii) chloride, [nil]cl2, in an electrical furnace at optimal temperature, 450 ºc for 3.5 h. the nickel(ii) complex is obtained via solid state synthesis using nickel(ii) chloride and tetradentate o4 acyclic ligan...