Solvent flattening is considered to be a principal means for improving the data quality in X-ray crystallography. It could be equally effective for tubular crystals of membrane proteins imaged by electron microscopy because of the large empty space inside the tubes. However, tubular crystals are difficult objects for solvent flattening due to lack of electron diffraction amplitudes. Therefore, ...

Amphiphilic molecular baskets were obtained by attaching facially amphiphilic cholate groups to a covalent scaffold (calix[4]arene or 1,3,5-2,4,6-hexasubstituted benzene). In a solvent mixture consisting of mostly a nonpolar solvent (i.e., CCl4) and a polar solvent (i.e., DMSO), the hydrophilic faces of cholates turned inward to form a reversed-micelle-like conformer whose stability was strongl...

In this study, we examined cell surface properties of mutants of Escherichia coli for which organic solvent tolerance levels were elevated. The cell surface of each mutant was less hydrophobic than that of the parent, probably due to an increase in lipopolysaccharide content. OmpF synthesis was repressed in the mutants. Organic solvent bound readily to viable E. coli cells in response to the po...

The present paper reports an organic solvent-induced controllable crystallization of a water-soluble inorganic salt Na(3)[Au(SO(3))(2)] into ultralong nanobelts and hierarchical microstructures of one-dimensional (1D) nanowires. It was found that the morphology of the resulting crystals can be fine tuned by simply varying the experimental parameters, such as the ratios of water to organic solve...

Several simulation methods are currently in use to study peptide and protein folding. They can be classified in three groups depending on how the solvent is treated. At the simplest level, the solvent is ignored. At a second level, solvent effects are implicitly represented in the atomic interaction function. At the third level, solvent degrees of freedom are treated explicitly. We have perform...

The conformations of three cholate foldamers and one molecular basket were studied by fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy. In nonpolar solvents (e.g., hexane/ethyl acetate or ethyl acetate) mixed with a small amount of a polar solvent (e.g., alcohol or DMSO), the cholate oligomer folded into a helix with the hydrophilic faces of the cholates turned inward. Folding created a hydrophilic nanocavity...

an ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextra- ction (uaseme) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection has been developed for the extraction and determination of thiopental in serum and urine samples. a simple microextraction method based on emulsification of organic extraction solvent in aqueous sample using an ionic surfactant and withou...

The solvent can exert significant in!-?uence on the pathways and rates of radiationless decay of the excited states of solute molecuIes. A major barrier to eIucidating such el3ects is the diversity of solute-solvent interactions which make it difficult to assign experimental observations to specific solvent properties. There exists, therefore, a great need for systematic experimental studies ai...

Intermolecular electron-transfer reactions have a crucial role in biology, solution chemistry and electrochemistry. The first step of such reactions is the expulsion of the electron to the solvent, whose mechanism is determined by the structure and dynamical response of the latter. Here we visualize the electron transfer to water using ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy with polychromatic dete...

— An attempt is made to provide a more rigorous basis for the description of solvent effects on chemical reactions by taking into account the various free energy contributions involved in the transfer of a substrate from the gas to the solution phase. It is shown that the solvent influence on various chemical and physical processes can be represented in a semiquantitative or even quantitative w...