The article is devoted to the influence of U.S.-Soviet tensions in third world on US-French relations. chronological framework study end 1970s. choice period due fact that defusing international late 1970s passed into a phase decline. This was influenced by conflicts world, where Soviet-American differences have always been particularly acute. purpose trace how affected U.S.-French relations re...

Nearly a thousand years ago, Moldova was populated by a Romanian-speaking people, descended from Romans, who intermarried with the indigenous Dacians. A principality was established in the territory in the fourteenth century, but it did not last long. Moldova then became a tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, which lost parts of it to the Russian Empire in the eighteenth and nineteenth centur...

Three important myths about Soviet nationality policy have been exploded since 1988. Most Soviet scholars and Western scholars admit that, contrary to Marxist-Leninist postulates, ethnic consciousness does not necessarily decline as society moves toward modernization or "socialism." In recent years in the U.S.S.R. ethnic consciousness has greatly expanded or surfaced. Second, the assertion that...

Introduction As part of the US Department of Defense strategy to counter biological threats, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s Cooperative Biological Engagement Program is enhancing the capabilities of countries in the former Soviet Union (FSU) to detect, diagnose, and report endemic and epidemic, man-made or natural cases of especially dangerous pathogens. During these engagements, it was ...

Undoubtedly, during the post-Cold War era, the fields of political competition changed and with the change in the political geography of the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus and Central Asia, as the Soviet Union collapsed and new countries emerged, the field of competition for a change in power balance not only expanded but took on a new form. Economic benefits, diversification of fossil fuels and new...

BACKGROUND A systematic literature review was performed to investigate the occurrence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in prisons located in countries formerly part of the Soviet Union. METHODS A systematic search of published studies reporting MDR TB occurrence in prisons located in former Soviet countries was conducted by probing PubMed and Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied He...

This paper looks to break with common assumptions of the underdevelopment and isolation of the Soviet computing by studying the history of the Soviet-French cooperation in computer science under the bilateral agreement of 1966. The achievements of this cooperation were largely due to the singular relations between French and Soviet mathematicians, J-L Lions and G. I. Marchuk. Although neither M...

Visual archetypes from Russian Orthodox iconography shaped a widely understood visual vocabulary with politically important cultural meaning. Icons derived their symbolic authority from their status in Orthodox doctrine as divinely revealed sacred truth. Although the Bolsheviks who seized power in 1917 officially denounced organized religion, revolutionary artists nonetheless recycled iconic ar...

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the memory of World War II has been used in state-led nation-building processes of post-Soviet countries to foster a sense of national belonging. This paper provides an insight into the offi cial discourse of World War II in Russia and Ukraine by concentrating on a comparative analysis of World War II representations in Russian and Ukrainian school histor...