Introduction: Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxin that its different effects on the central nervous system are well-known. Previous studies have reported the potent effects of vitamin C on memory.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin C against leadinduced amnesia. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control (saline), negative contr...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine if progesterone affects spatial and non-spatial working memory in intact male and female rats. METHODS Rats received subcutaneous injections of progesterone (500 microg) or vehicle (sesame oil). Four hours after hormone treatments, spatial and non-spatial memories were tested using novel object recognition and spatial object recognition task...

The memory-guided saccade paradigm is an ideal experimental model for studying spatial working memory. Both the posterior parietal cortex and frontal cortex are known to play a role in working memory; however, there is much debate about the degree of their involvement in the retention of information. We used event-related potentials and electromagnetic tomography to clarify the precise time cou...

Introduction: It has been reported that oral morphine dependency facilitated formation of spatial learning and memory. In the present study the role of NMDA receptors located in hippocampal CA1 area of morphine dependent rats was studied. Methods: Male rats were divided into 4 groups. Two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 area. After 5 days recover...

Rats were tested on an allocentric-spatial working-memory task--delayed matching-to-place (DMTP) in a water maze--before and after either pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) or electrolytic lesions of the lateral internal medullary laminae (IML), an area damaged by PTD. DMTP trials consisted of paired swims, with the escape platform in a new location on each trial. PTD rats were impa...

Previous findings indicate that administration of abeta-adrenoceptor antagonist systemically blocks glucocorticoid impairment of memory retrieval. Here, we report that beta-adrenoceptor activation in the hippocampus and the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) is implicated in the impairing effects of glucocorticoids on memory retrieval. The specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist 11...

The present study was designed to examine which kind of memory: reference or working, better correlates with individual variation in rats' spatial learning abilities. To answer this question two groups of rats were trained to an arbitrary criterion in a partially baited 12-arm radial maze under two different experimental conditions: with or without allothetic cues. After 10 days break, rats wer...