There is a great deal of debate on the extent, causes, and even the reality of land degradation in the Sahel. Investigations carried out before approximately 2000 using remote sensing data suggest widespread reductions in biological productivity, while studies extending beyond 2000 consistently reveal a net increase in vegetation production, strongly related to the recovery of rainfall followin...

Recent results on the X–ray spectrum and variability of Seyfert 1 galaxies are reviewed. New spectral results from BeppoSAX observations are also presented and briefly discussed.

2 Rapid X-Ray Variability page 1 2.

Prior research on the development of category-based reasoning indicates a protracted developmental course of this ability as well as a high degree of individual variability. However, the sources of this individual variability as well as the sources of developmental change remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine these issues, with a focus on the role of representational change and exe...

We use an observational data set of tidal gauges in the North Sea to investigate the annual cycle of the M2 and M4 amplitudes and phases. The sea surface elevation amplitude of the M2 can vary by 8–10% and the M4 amplitude by 12–30% over the course of the year, with larger amplitudes in summer. The annual phase variations are in the range of 3–15◦. The reason for these variations is the thermal...

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This paper examines language-specific differences in anticipatory vowel-to-vowel coarticulation using two non-stress languages. Native speakers of Standard French (n=6) and Tokyo Japanese (n=5) served as subjects to a production study. To investigate possible long-distance effects between and beyond adjacent vowels, linguistic material consisting of /ba.bV/ and /ba.ba.bV/ was embedded within a ...