Linguistic/cultural differences of learners’ native language with English as a foreign language, gender and English proficiency level are among those numerous variables which affect English learning and its quality in Iranian context. The present study was an attempt to illuminate the effects of these variables on performing integrative approach of general English tests (cloze test and recall t...

Meta-discourse markers are an inevitable part of oral proficiency which improve both the quality and comprehension of learners’ speech. While studies of oral meta-discourse have been conducted since the 1980s in a European or US context, they have remained relatively untouched in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to seek the impact of both explicit and implicit teaching of formal meta-discourse...

Speaking proficiency has special value anywhere in the world. It needs to be possessed by every individual bring change society. This clenches amplified direction of current study, where its primary objective is assess speaking skills SHS-HUMMS students DNHS. study envisioned identifying factors terms grammar, vocabulary, aspects discourse, pronunciation, and interaction. utilizes quanticorrela...

This qualitative study explored English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ perspectives on first (L1) use in the second (L2) classroom. The focused Jordanian public secondary school EFL teachers and drew Macaro’s (2001) three codeswitching positions—optimal (i.e., L1 can enhance L2 learning), maximal should be minimized virtual never used learning). Data were collected through classroom obse...

Patients with limited English proficiency have known limitations accessing health care, but differences in hospital outcomes once access is obtained are unknown.We investigate inpatient mortality rates and obstetric trauma for self-reported speakers of English, Spanish, and languages of Asia and the Pacific Islands (API) and compare quality of care by language with patterns by race/ethnicity. D...