Inoculation theory offers a framework for protecting individuals against challenges to an existing attitude, belief, or state. Despite the prevalence and damaging effects of public speaking anxiety, inoculation strategies have yet to be used to help individuals remain calm before and during public speaking. We aimed to test the effectiveness of an inoculation message for reducing the onset of p...

In adverse listening conditions, talkers can increase their intelligibility by speaking clearly[45, 55, 42]. While producing clear speech, however, talkers often reduce their speaking rate significantly[46, 55]. A recent study[28] showed that speaking slowly is not responsible for the high intelligibility of clear speech, since talkers can produce clear speech at normal rates with training. Thi...

The testing effect is the finding that retrieval practice can enhance recall on future tests. One unanswered question is whether first-test response mode (writing or speaking the answer) affects final-test performance (and whether final-test response mode itself matters). An additional unsettled issue is whether written and oral recall lead to differences in the amount recalled. In three experi...

PURPOSE To determine if respiratory and laryngeal function during spontaneous speaking were different for teachers with voice disorders compared with teachers without voice problems. METHOD Eighteen teachers, 9 with and 9 without voice disorders, were included in this study. Respiratory function was measured with magnetometry, and laryngeal function was measured with electroglottography durin...

this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive strategy instruction on english reading comprehension of iranian advanced students. a total of 60 participants took part in the present study. the participants (n=20) in one experimental group were provided with the cognitive training condition only, while the participants (n=20) in the other experimental group were exposed to both a...

This current study aimed to investigate the dominant type and level of speaking anxiety among Thai EFL undergraduate students. In addition, this explored their strategies cope with anxiety. Fifty-six first-year English major students participated in study. The research instruments included a questionnaire semi-structured interview. Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety Scale (FLSAS) was used examin...