Introduction: The recent discovery of carbonaterich outcrops in the Nili Fossae region of Mars using data returned by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument [1] as well as indications of 2-3% carbonate in alkaline soils at the Phoenix landing site [2] have brought into question the hypothesis that much of martian history has been dominated by an acidic weath...

Areas of spectral reflectance, or highlights, can be analyzed for a wide range of information or clues that they give us about a scene. This paper presents a local algorithm for analyzing a moderately unconstrained color image to determine the areas of spectral reflectance. The algorithm is based on the separability of the diffuse and spectral reflection components by differential methods. The ...

The elytra of the Japanese jewel beetle Chrysochroa fulgidissima are metallic green with purple stripes. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the elytral surface is approximately flat. The accordingly specular green and purple areas have, with normal illumination, 100-150 nm broad reflectance bands, peaking at about 530 and 700 nm. The bands shift progressi...

One of the most popular form of biometrics is face recognition. Face recognition techniques typically assume that a face exhibits Lambertian reflectance. However, a face often exhibits prominent specularities, especially in outdoor environments. These specular highlights can compromise an identity authentication. In this work, we analyze the impact of such highlights on a 3D-2D face recognition...

The complex index of refraction of liquid HNO3/H2O and H2SO4/HNO3/H2O has been obtained at different temperatures and acid concentrations. FT-IR specular reflectance spectra were obtained for 30, 54, and 64 wt % aqueous HNO3 and for four different H2SO4/HNO3/H2O mixtures in the temperature region from 293 to 183 K. The complex index of refraction was obtained from the reflectance spectra with t...

The spectral specular reflectance of conventional and novel reflective materials for solar concentrators is measured with an acceptance angle of 17.5 mrad over the wavelength range 300-2500 nm at incidence angles 15-60° using a spectroscopic goniometry system. The same experimental setup is used to determine the spectral narrow-angle transmittance of semi-transparent materials for solar collect...

For ITER spectroscopic measurements, it is important to understand the optical reflection characteristics of divertor surface for an accurate measurement because stray light in may be large. We set up a goniophotometer that measures and investigated bidirectional reflectance distribution function tungsten samples sputtered argon plasma. The specimens at temperatures lower than recrystallization...

A new BRDF model is presented which can be viewed as an kind of intermediary model between empirism and theory. Main results of physics are observed (energy conservation, reciprocity rule, microfacet theory) and numerous phenomena involved in light reeection are accounted for, in a physically plausible way (incoherent and coherent reeection, spectrum modiications, anisotropy, self-shadowing, mu...