Male infertility is a fast-evolving area. Recently published evidence has challenged several established concepts and added to the knowledge in the field. Traditionally, the clinical assessment of the subfertile male includes a history and physical examination, hormonal evaluation and semen analyses. Regarding the latter, the World Health Organization has established new reference values that i...

Abstract Study question What are predictors of successful sperm retrieval (SRR) with microdissection testicular extraction (mTESE) in men non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) according to different etiologies? Summary answer Predictors for SRR were patients various etiologies and effects age on idiopathic NOA KS opposite. is known already due spermatogenic dysfunction, accounting about 60 percent ...

Mass-specific metabolic rate, the rate at which organisms consume energy per gram of body weight, is negatively associated with body size in metazoans. As a consequence, small species have higher cellular metabolic rates and are able to process resources at a faster rate than large species. Since mass-specific metabolic rate has been shown to constrain evolution of sperm traits, and most of the...

Abstract Study question Does sperm cryopreservation have a negative impact on pregnancy and live birth rate (LBR)? Summary answer The use of frozen does not affect rates LBR significantly compared to fresh sperm. What is known already sperm, especially in oocyte donation cycles, common strategy organizing couple’s treatment. By now, contradictory data has been published concerning the versus LB...

background: gnrh agonist administration in the luteal phase has been suggested to beneficially affect the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) and embryo transfer (et) cycles. this blind randomized controlled study evaluates the effect of gnrh (gonadotropine releasing hormone) agonist administration on icsi outcome in gnrh antagonist ovarian stimulation protocol in women with 2 or...