During locomotion, alternating activity of flexor and extensor muscles is largely regulated by a spinal neuronal network, the central pattern generator, the activity of which is modulated by peripheral and supraspinal inputs. In the absence of these modulatory inputs, for example during fictive locomotion after spinalization and curarization, spontaneous failures of motor activation (deletions)...

Reasons for the progressive age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, namely sarcopenia, are complex. Few studies describe sarcopenia in mice, although this species is the mammalian model of choice for genetic intervention and development of pharmaceutical interventions for muscle degeneration. One factor, important to sarcopenia-associated neuromuscular change, is myofibre denerva...

STUDY OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to determine which muscle or combination of muscles (either axial or limb muscles, lower or upper limb muscles, or proximal or distal limb muscles) provides the highest rates of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phasic electromyographic (EMG) activity seen in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). SETTING Two university hospital sleep disorders...

the prediction of the joint angle position, especially during tremor bursts, can be useful for detecting, tracking, and forecasting tremors. thus, this research proposes a new model for predicting the wrist joint position during rhythmic bursts and inter‑burst intervals. since a tremor is an approximately rhythmic and roughly sinusoidal movement, neural oscillators have been selected to underli...

Recent studies have revealed that the stretch reflex responses of both ankle flexor and extensor muscles are coaugmented in the early stance phase of human walking, suggesting that these coaugmented reflex responses contribute to secure foot stabilization around the heel strike. To test whether the reflex responses mediated by the stretch reflex pathway are actually induced in both the ankle fl...

This study explores the effects of active hip extension moment produced by electrical stimulation on the support forces the arms must exert through an assistive device during quiet erect standing with functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI). A static sagittal plane biomechanical model of human standing was developed to predict the effects of sti...

Human motor cortex is capable of rapid and long-lasting reorganization, evident globally, as shifts in body part representations, and at the level of individual muscles as changes in corticospinal excitability. Representational shifts provide an overview of how various body parts reorganize relative to each other but do not tell us whether all muscles in a given body part reorganize in the same...

INTRODUCTION Whether there is a gender difference in fatigue and recovery from maximal velocity fatiguing contractions and across muscles is not understood. METHODS Sixteen men and 19 women performed 90 isotonic contractions at maximal voluntary shortening velocity (maximal velocity concentric contractions, MVCC) with the elbow flexor and knee extensor muscles (separate days) at a load equiva...

27 The human motor cortex is capable of rapid and long-lasting reorganization. This 28 reorganization is evident globally, in the form of shifts in body part representations, and at 29 the level of individual muscles in the form of changes in corticospinal excitability. 30 Representational shifts provide an overview of how various body parts reorganize relative to 31 each other but do not tell ...

Introduction The extensor muscles of the hand showed many variations in shape. Its of peculiar interest for surgeons in the field of tendon repair, transfer or reconstruction. In literature several forms of anatomical variations were described: variations of long muscles, supernumerary tendons and additional muscles [1]. Different classification systems were developed by Kosugi [2], Yoshida [3]...