This paper focuses on the problem of social legitimization of eSport in the context of traditional sports. Its objective is to investigate knowledge and attitudes towards eSports, as well as their recognition as legitimate sports. The first part of the paper consists of the definition and differentiation between eSport and eSports. The second part provides an analysis of various definitions of ...

effect the opinions and attitudes of society. They are active agents in the construction of the meanings we give to things and their broad influence can have a vital impact, either advancing or impeding girls’ and women’s involvement in sport. The way they feature women’s sport is, therefore, of great importance to sports leaders who are trying to promote it. As most of the research on women an...

Preventing the use of performance enhancing drugs in sport has long been a concern for policymakers. In the United States, amidst national attention the state of Texas constructed the country's largest steroid testing program for high school athletes. However, resource allocation steadily declined until the program was defunded in 2015. Using escalation of commitment theory as a framework, this...

This study aims to survey the relationship between leadership styles of physical education (P.E) department managers with sports volunteers’ satisfaction. 173 of all heads of sport boards of Ardabil Province which were in active level (N = 180) responses to multi-factor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) and the volunteers’ experiences were used for satisfaction data. Reliability of the questionn...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the status of risk management in iran football stadiums. the research method was descriptive and survey. the statistical population included all football stadium managers and the sample consisted of the managers of those stadiums in which football premier leagues were held (n=50). two questionnaires were used to collect the data: risk management ques...