The increasingly stringent emission regulations have required that the State-of-the-art internal combustion engines operated with minimum particulate matters produced. Flash boiling spray is considered to be potential technology for achieving high efficiency combustion, its benefit of improving fuel-air mixing process in cylinders and eliminating spray-wall impingement. On other side, it believ...

Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of a gasoline spray, where the mixture was ignited rapidly during or after injection, were performed in comparison to previous experimental study with quantitative flame motion and soot formation data [SAE 2020-01-0291] an accompanying Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation at same conditions. The present reveals major shortcomings common RANS combustion ...

Nanosized Pb junctions exhibit superconducting correlations at magnetic fields more than an order of magnitude higher than the zero-temperature critical field of the bulk Pb. The strongly enhanced critical field is a spectacular demonstration of nanosize effect where the Meissner screening currents become ineffective for junction’s tip smaller than the London penetration depth (32 nm for Pb). F...

This report describes perforation of the aorta related to the implantation of an active-fixation atrial pacing lead, a previously undocumented complication of pacemaker implantation. The complication was related to excessive tissue penetration by the screw at the tip of the lead or perforation of the lead body by the positioning stylet during manipulation whereupon the stylet traversed the atri...

We measured the distance between fang tip punctures in defensive bites by western diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) and the distance between their retracted fangs. Because the fang tips at penetration average 112% further apart than their bases at rest, The Extractor, a device widely marketed in the United States for snake bite first aid, will not simultaneously cover both punctures of ...

A continuum formalism for describing the behavior of primary atomization with phase transition is presented, which includes the effects of heat and mass transfer of the two phase flow, the formation of ligaments and droplets, surface tension force and turbulence. Simulation of liquid jet primary atomization given by Marcus Herrmann (A balanced force refined level–set grid method for two–phase f...

Random field modelling of soil variability allows significant statistical results to be inferred from field data; moreover, it provides a consistent framework for incorporating such variability in reliability-based design. Cone penetration testing (CPT) is increasingly appreciated because of its near-continuity and repeatability. Stressnormalised CPT parameters are included in widely used engin...