exposure to toluene can be associate with genotoxicity, neurological dysfunction, reproductive toxicity, and etc. biomonitoring of hippuric acid (ha) is used for a long time as an occupational exposure index to toluene. the aim of this study was to explore efficiency of ha as a biomarker of exposure to low level of toluene for iranian petroleum depot workers in 2011. personal monitoring to tolu...

background: social capital causes promoting community members’ participation level as set of norms among community systems. we aimed to determination between perceived social capital with relevant factors among health workers in medical and health network of rey city.   methods: this study was a cross sectional one which assessed determination between social capital and relevant factors among h...

BACKGROUND Female sex workers and their clients play a prominent role in the HIV epidemic in India. Systematic data on the outputs, cost and efficiency for HIV prevention programmes for female sex workers in India are not readily available to understand programme functioning and guide efficient use of resources. METHODS Detailed output and cost data for the 2002-2003 fiscal year were obtained...

PURPOSE Most health care organizations, including nursing homes, report having teams. However, little is known about everyday practice teams among staff providing direct resident care. We assess the prevalence of such teams in nursing homes as reported by direct care staff and administrators, and examine characteristics of facilities that foster these teams. DESIGN AND METHODS The analytical ...

This project revitalised continuing professional development (CPD) among rural health professionals in Uganda, Africa, using information and communication technology (ICT). The project was piloted in 3 rural hospitals where CPD activities were failing to meet demand because activities were not properly coordinated, the meetings were too infrequent, the delivery methods were inappropriate, and t...

This paper examines the issue of workforce stability and turnover in the context of policy attempts to improve retention of health workers. The paper argues that there are significant benefits to supporting policy makers and managers to develop a broader perspective of workforce stability and methods of monitoring it. The objective of the paper is to contribute to developing a better understand...

Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) has been proven a reliable and valid instrument to assess job stress in many countries and among various occupations. In Malaysia, both English and Malay versions of the JCQ have been administered to automotive workers, schoolteachers, and office workers. This study assessed the reliability and validity of the instrument with research laboratory staff in a univer...

BACKGROUND Lack of adherence to antiretroviral medications is one of the key challenges for paediatric HIV care and treatment programmes. There are few hands-on opportunities for healthcare workers to gain awareness of the psychosocial and logistic challenges that caregivers face when administering daily antiretroviral therapy to children. This article describes an educational activity that all...