a type of novel hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent was obtained by sulfonation and cross-linking reaction of polypropylene fiber grafted styrene-divinylbenzene. the aim of the fiber sulfonation and cross-linking method was to prepare rigid three dimensional networks in the entire fiber and change the ion exchange capacity of fiber. the hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent possesses a principally di...

Determination of the oligomeric state or the subunit stoichiometry of integral membrane proteins in detergent solution is notoriously difficult, because the amount of detergent (and lipid) associated with the proteins is usually not known. Only two classical methods (sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation and static light scattering) can measure directly the absolute molecular mass of a prote...

We extend existing 2-D analytical high-b equilibrium solutions obtained by Cowley et al. [Phys. Fluids B 3, 2066 (1991)] and Hsu et al. [Phys. Plasmas 3, 266 (1996)] to the case of toroidally flowing plasma, assuming ideal magnetohydrodynamics and isothermal magnetic surfaces. Invoking the ordering bq 2 and M /q2 , we solve the boundary layer problem, re-obtaining the static solution in the zer...

We report the use of second harmonic generation (SHG) to study kinetics of adsorption of p-nitrophenol at the air/water interface of a flowing jet. Measurements of the SH signal strength and the polarization of the SH light at various distances (times) along the jet axis yield information about the development of the population density and orientation of nitrophenol at the air/ water interface....

In this paper, we propose a Cross Entropy (CE) [1] based multiagent approach for solving static/dynamic traffic assignment problems (TAP). This algorithm utilizes a family of probability distributions in order to guide travelers (agents) to network equilibrium. The route choice probability distribution depends on the average network performance experienced by agents on previous days. Based on t...

We study the equilibria of a self-gravitating scalar field in the region outside a reflecting barrier. By introducing a potential difference between the barrier and infinity, we create a kink which cannot decay to a zero-energy state. In the realm of a small amplitude, the kink decays to a known static solution of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equation. However, for larger kinks the static equilibr...

This paper develops an approach to equilibrium selection in game theory based on studying the equilibriating process through which equilibrium is achieved. The di®erential equations derived from models of interactive learning typically have stationary states that are not isolated. Instead, Nash equilibria that specify the same behavior on the equilibrium path, but di®erent out-of-equilibrium be...

Conditions for thermodynamic equilibrium of liquid drops on solid substrates are presented. It is shown that if surface force (disjoining/conjoining Derjaguin pressure) action in a vicinity of the three-phase contact line is taken into account the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium is duly satisfied. Then the thermodynamic expressions for equilibrium contact angles of drops on solid substra...

We> have> investigated the> relation between static stability of a limb, equilibrium-point control, and the ill-posed problem of coordinating a redundant ensemble of muscles. Geometrically, equilibrium-point control is equivalent to establishing a mapping between the command signals delivered to the muscles and the equilibrium corfiguraiions ofa limb. A necessary condition for the existence ofs...