The exercise pressor reflex, which arises from the contraction-induced stimulation of group III and IV muscle afferents, is widely believed to be evoked by metabolic stimuli signaling a mismatch between blood/oxygen demand and supply in the working muscles. Nevertheless, mechanical stimuli may also play a role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex. To determine this role, we examined the effec...

In this study, the digitized geometrical data of the embalmed skull and vertebrae (C0-C7) of a 68-year old male cadaver were processed to develop a comprehensive, geometrically accurate, nonlinear C0-C7 FE model. The biomechanical response of human neck under physiological static loadings, near vertex drop impact and rear-end impact (whiplash) conditions were investigated and compared with publ...

The renal vasoconstriction induced by the sympathetic outflow during exercise serves to direct blood flow from the kidney toward the exercising muscles. The renal circulation seems to be particularly important in this regard, because it receives a substantial part of the cardiac output, which in resting humans has been estimated to be 20%. The role of group III mechanoreceptors in causing the r...

This study attempted to compare the muscle fiber morphological responses to dynamic electrical muscle stimulation (DEMS) and dynamic hydraulic stimulation (DHS) in rats under hindlimb suspension (HLS). DEMS at 1 Hz, 50 Hz and 100 Hz for 10 min/day, 5 days/week were introduced to the animals' right quadriceps. Static and 2 Hz DHS were introduced to the right tibiae of other animal groups on a "1...

Submerged macrophytes are subjected to potential mechanical stresses associated with fluctuating water levels in natural conditions. However, few experimental studies have been conducted to further understand the effects of water level fluctuating amplitude on submerged macrophyte species and their assemblages or communities. We designed a controlled experiment to investigate the responses of t...

As the popularity of virtual reality as an exposure therapy increases, it is important to validate the use of computer-generated stimuli in comparison to standardized images of "real" phobic objects, such as those of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The present study examined physiological and subjective measures of negative affect when viewing static IAPS images, static compu...

Mainly composed of elastic materials, ship fenders are utilised on all kinds vessels for the protection berthing structures and prevention damage due to heavy crash loads. This study aims enhance deformation mode performance foam-filled under quasi-static dynamic loadings. Six models fender’s structure chosen simulation test. The examined crashworthiness parameters such as crushing force effici...

The aim of the experiment was to test for a contribution from short-wavelength sensitive cones to the static and step accommodation response, to compare responses from short and long- plus middle-wavelength sensitive cone types, and to examine the contribution of a signal from longitudinal chromatic aberration to the accommodation response. Accommodation was monitored continuously (eight subjec...

Adaptation to static scenes is a familiar and fundamental aspect of visual perception that causes negative afterimages, fading, and many other visual illusions. To establish a foundation for understanding the neuronal bases of such phenomena and to constrain the contributions of retinal versus cortical processing, we studied the responses of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus duri...