Steam-water flow exists in most geothermal reservoirs where steam-water capillary pressure plays an important role in controlling fluid distribution, transfer of liquid between fracture and matrix, well productivity, and even the reserves. However, it is very difficult to measure steam-water capillary pressure due to the phase transformation and the significant mass transfer between the two pha...

Grains are fed to livestock primarily to supply energy, and the major energy source in cereal grains is starch. For maximum starch digestion, corn and sorghum grain must be processed. For non-ruminants, starch from finely ground grain is fully digested, but for ruminants fed concentrate diets, finely ground grain can cause metabolic diseases. Hence, steam rolling or flaking and fermentation (hi...

The objective of this study was to determine whether reconstituting field-dried and early-harvested sorghum grain affected the fermentation characteristics and feed value of the ensiled grain when fed to feedlot heifers. In Trial 1, sorghum grain was harvested at 14% moisture, rolled, and reconstituted to 25, 30, or 35% moisture, then ensiled in laboratory-scale silos. Lactic acid concentration...

OBJECTIVE This trial was performed to examine the effects of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) levels in total mixed ration (TMR) with low corn-based starch on the milk production, whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. METHODS Eight multiparous Holstein cows (body weight [BW]: 717±63 kg; days in milk [DIM]: 169±29) were assigned to a crossover design with two ...

teurizers (1). I f these various precautions are not sufficient to produce a satisfactory steam supply, the alternative is the production of culinary steam from potable water, using the unsatisfactory primary steam supply as a source of heat. The 3A recommended practice just referred to includes a sketch of the recommended location of the parts necessary for such an installation. The other alte...

Because roughage in feedlot diets is one of the most expensive ingredients on an energy basis, regimens that minimize roughage usage are of interest. Crossbred steers of British breeds (n = 112, initial BW = 405 kg) were used to compare the feeding of diets containing 2% roughage from d 22 through 84 and 10% roughage from d 85 to finish (d 133; 2/10%) to the feeding of 10% roughage throughout t...

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of supplemental urea withdrawal on characteristics of digestion (Trial 1) and growth performance (Trial 2) of feedlot cattle during the last 40 days on feed. Treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet supplemented with urea to provide urea fermentation potential (UFP) of 0, 0.6, and 1.2%. In Trial 1, six Holstein steers (...

In this paper, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is introduced and its advantages over ordinary steam injection is demonstrated. A simple simulation model is built and three scenarios of natural production, ordinary steam injection, and SAGD are compared in terms of their cumulative oil production and cumulative oil steam ratio. The results show that SAGD can significantly enhance oil prod...

Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (RTE-BC) is either extruded product from flour (or) flaked corn, wheat rice commonly used as in western countries. Cereal fortification helps to eliminate many nutritional deficiencies various developed nations including United States. Recent techniques make bio-available vitamins and minerals overcome the such iron, calcium etc. The main objective of this study w...

Performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated using five concentrations of condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) replacing steam-flaked corn (SFC) and urea in finishing diets of crossbred steers (initial BW = 399 ± 27 kg). Concentrations of CCDS were: 0, 9, 18, 27, or 36% CCDS on a DM basis. Urea and soybean meal were included in all diets to meet or exceed NRC requirements for met...