In this research scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientelis L.), oak (Quercus petraea L.) samples have been covered with polyurethane, acrylic, cellulosic varnish. In order to determine the physical changes which occurred on varnish layers caused by steam and wet heat, the samples were exposed to TS 4982 EN 12721 wet heat and TS EN 438-2 steam. According the results, the...

Nuclear energy is one of the most important clean energy on earth presently. The steam generator secondary side is the key device of nuclear power station. As an important branch of special robot, nuclear robot is the most convenient and effective mean to inspect the steam generator. This paper describes one robot system which could help users inspecting tubes and locating the robot inside the ...

This report describes our investigation of steam generator behavior during a postulated tube rupture accident. Our study was performed using the steam generator, thermal-hydraulic analysis code THERMIT-UTSG. The purpose of our work was to provide an independent assessment of the Los Alamos National Laboratory system code TRAC-PF1 with respect to steam generator tube rupture analysis. Results of...

An organic acid solution of 2% acetic, 1% lactic, 0.1% propionic, and 0.1% benzoic acids was combined with steam surface pasteurization to treat frankfurters during vacuum packaging to eliminate potential postcook contamination with Listeria monocytogenes. The thermal lethality of L. monocytogenes from steam was evaluated at an inoculation concentration of 1 to 6 log CFU/cm2. About 3-log reduct...

In this work we compared the efficiency of a laccase treatment performed on steam-exploded wheat straw pretreated under soft conditions (water impregnation) or harsh conditions (impregnation with diluted acid). The effect of several enzymatic treatment parameters (pH, time of incubation, laccase origin and loading) was analysed. The results obtained indicated that severity conditions applied du...

Micro porous carbons are used for the sorption/separation of light gases, where as the carbon with broad pore size is applied for removal of large organic molecules. In this work activated carbon was prepared from natural material pine wood. Pine wood monoliths were carbonized in inert nitrogen atmosphere for different intervals of times. To enhance the surface area and to develop interconnecti...

Extensive use of pressurized steam in the oil and gas sectors has led to incidents where workers were seriously injured. In this study a test device and procedure to measure heat transfer through fabrics during steam exposure were developed and evaluated. Several factors were considered while designing the test device to simulate work site conditions. Fabrics were exposed to steam at 2 distance...

The CFD code GASFLOW solves the time-dependent compressible Navier-Stokes Equations with multiple gas species. GASFLOW was developed for non nuclear and nuclear application. The major nuclear applications of GASFLOW are 3D analyses of steam/hydrogen distributions in complex PWR containment buildings to simulate scenarios of beyond design basis accidents. Validation of GASFLOW has been a continu...

Fast reaction times and high discharge rates make steam accumulators a promising option for compensation of fast transients in insolation for solarthermal systems using steam as working medium. Using the volume of components like separator drums or heat exchangers for storage of pressurized hot water is a cost-effective approach to integrate buffer storage capacity. While the basic steam accumu...

A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due ...