BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic reviews of observational studies suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HT) may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in post-menopausal women. This is an updated version of a Cochrane review first published in 2005 (Gabriel-Sanchez 2005). OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of HT for the prevention of CVD ...

BACKGROUND Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) continues to have a clinical role in symptom management, but identifying women for whom benefits will outweigh the risks remains a challenge. Although hormone therapy (HT) is the most effective strategy for ameliorating vasomotor and other symptoms, randomized clinical trials show an unfavorable balance of benefits and risks for many women. However, cl...

Abstract Aim The aim of this meta-analysis is to identify the rate BRAFV600E mutation among Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) concomitant with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) versus PTC patients alone. secondary evaluate impact on clinicopathological features in both cohorts. Method Using a predefined search strategy, Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web Science were searched from inception ti...

Recent pharmacological and genetic studies have dramatically expanded the list of neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, and signaling molecules that influence aggression. In spite of this expansion, serotonin (5-HT) remains the primary molecular determinant of inter-male aggression, whereas other molecules appear to act indirectly through 5-HT signaling. We review evi...

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is an ubiquitary monoamine acting as one of the neurotransmitters at synapses of nerve cells. Serotonin acts through several receptor types and subtypes. The profusion of 5-HT receptors should eventually allow a better understanding of the different and complex processes in which serotonin is involved. Its role is expected in the etiology of several diseases, inc...

Serotonin (5-HT) is a monoamine that powerfully modulates spinal motor control by acting on intrasynaptic and extrasynaptic receptors. Here we review the diversity of 5-HT actions on locomotor and motoneuronal activities. Two approaches have been used on in vitro spinal cord preparations: either applying 5-HT in the extracellular medium or inducing its synaptic release. They produced strikingly...

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) receptors mediate a plethora of physiological phenomena in the brain and the periphery. Additionally, serotonergic dysfunction has been implicated in nearly every neuropsychiatric disorder. The effects of serotonin are mediated by fourteen GPCRs. Both the therapeutic actions and side effects of commonly prescribed drugs are frequently due to nonspecific ...

Many observational studies and experimental and animal studies have demonstrated that estrogen therapy (ET) or hormone therapy (HT) significantly reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Nonetheless, recent randomized controlled trials and the Nurses' Health Study in secondary prevention demonstrate trends toward an increased risk of cardiovascular events rather than a reduction of risk from...

(1)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; “ecstasy”; “X”; “E”) is a popular recreational amphetamine analog that produces a unique set of effects in humans and animals. MDMA use is often associated with dance parties called “raves”, but its use has increased in all segments of society and around the world. Like amphetamine, MDMA elicits hyperactivity when administered to rodents. Unlike amph...

Although serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been found to be a potent vasoconstrictor, a pivotal role of 5-HT in the control of appetite and mood control by the modulation of neuronal synapse has also been proposed. Selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently used to suppress appetite and treat depressive disorder, and the target protein of SSRIs is the 5-HT transporter (5-...