Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) have odontogenic potential, which plays a pivotal role in the root dentin development of permanent teeth. Human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a well-known gene that participates in regulating the odontogenic differentiation of dental tissue‑derived stem cells. However, little is known regarding the effects of the BMP2 gene on the proliferation ...

The aerial structure of higher plants is generated dynamically throughout the life cycle through the activity of stem cells that are located at the growing shoot tip, the apical meristem. The stem cells continuously divide to renew themselves and provide cells for leaf, stem and flower formation. Stem cell maintenance is governed by intercellular communication between the apical stem cells and ...

The pluripotent nature of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) makes them amenable for regenerative therapies because they can differentiate into cells that form all tissue types within the body (Zandstra and Nagy, 2001). The potential drawbacks to the use of ESCs for cellular therapies include the obvious ethical dilemmas of obtaining ESCs, the potential of cancer or tumor formation and the risk of imm...

inhibiting T-helper cells while activating regulatory T-cells and suppressing B-lymphocytes. This immunomodulatory effect of MSCs makes them suitable for treatment of severe autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease. However, most trials for the clinical application of MSCs have used bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). As mentioned previously, MSCs from dental tissue (DMSCs) exhibit simil...

The dorsal surface of the holothurioid Holothuria forskali bears several longitudinal rows of modified podia called papillae. Each papilla consists of a conical stem topped by an hemispherical bud. Their gross tissue stratification is the same all along the papilla being made up of four tissue layers, viz. an inner mesothelium, a connective tissue layer, a nerve plexus and an outer epidermis. T...

It has been reported that a subset of type III taste cells express glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)67, which is a molecule that synthesizes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and that Mash1 could be a potential regulator of the development of GABAnergic neurons via Dlx transcription factors in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the expression of GAD67 and Dlx in the embryonic ...

background: the definitive endoderm (de) differentiation using the undefined media and non-human feeders can cause contaminations in the generated cells for therapeutic applications. therefore, generating safer and more appropriate de cells is needed. this study compared five different methods to establish an appropriate method for inducing an efficient de differentiation from human induced plu...