It has been shown that a urea-splitting enzyme is present in normal gastric juice (1). Its range of activity was at least hetween pH 1.4 and 8.3, and its greatest action was found to take place at pH 7.8. Its activity was slow, and continued over a space of several days; the greatest part had taken place by the end of the first 24 hours. Owing to these characteristics it was suggested that the ...

A novel device for monitoring plasma-induced damage in the back-end-of-line (BEOL) process with charge splitting capability is first-time proposed and demonstrated. This novel charge splitting in situ recorder (CSIR) can independently trace the amount and polarity of plasma charging effects during the manufacturing process of advanced fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) circuits. Not only does...

It has been shown that a urea-splitting enzyme is present in normal gastric juice (1). Its range of activity was at least hetween pH 1.4 and 8.3, and its greatest action was found to take place at pH 7.8. Its activity was slow, and continued over a space of several days; the greatest part had taken place by the end of the first 24 hours. Owing to these characteristics it was suggested that the ...

Band-structure effects on channel carrier density in the ultrathin-body end of the ITRS roadmap silicon (100) n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are assessed here using a semi-empirical nearest-neighbor sp 3 d 5 s à tight-binding model with spin-orbit interaction. The calculations focus on the body thickness range between 10 and 18 atomic layers ($1:5{2:5 nm). A...

It has been shown that a urea-splitting enzyme is present in normal gastric juice (1). Its range of activity was at least hetween pH 1.4 and 8.3, and its greatest action was found to take place at pH 7.8. Its activity was slow, and continued over a space of several days; the greatest part had taken place by the end of the first 24 hours. Owing to these characteristics it was suggested that the ...

Event-B provides a flexible framework for stepwise system development via refinement. The framework supports steps for (a) refining events (one-by-one), (b) splitting events (one-by-many), and (c) introducing new events. In each of the steps events can moreover possibly be anticipated or convergent. All such steps are accompanied with precise proof obligations. Still, it remains unclear what th...

By generalizing the Fujikawa approach, we show in the path-integral formalism: (1) how the infinitesimal variation of the fermion measure can be integrated to obtain the full anomalous chiral action ; (2) how the action derived in this way can be identified as the Chern-Simons term in five dimensions, if the anomaly is consistent; (3) how the regularization can be carried out, so as to lead to ...

Distributed workflows are becoming the norm in scientific collaborations. Laboratories on opposite sides of the globe often exchange experimental information and transmit independent data to multiple storage or super-computing sites. Often these applications result in petabytes or exabytes of information. Such trends reveal the necessity for intelligent and efficient communication paradigms lik...

We calculate the sub-gap density of states of a disordered single-channel normal metal connected to a superconductor at one end (NS junction) or at both ends (SNS junction). The probability distribution of the energy of a bound state (Andreev level) is broadened by disorder. In the SNS case the two-fold degeneracy of the Andreev levels is removed by disorder leading to a splitting in addition t...

The generation of spin-polarized electrons at room temperature is an essential step in developing semiconductor spintronic applications. To this end, we studied the electronic states of a Ge(111) surface, covered with a lead monolayer at a fractional coverage of 4 / 3, by angleresolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), spin-resolved ARPES and fi rst-principles electronic structure calculation...