: one of the main classifications in human societies is based on sex. although this kind of classification is originated from the physiology of human being but it can result in some stereotypes about men and women. stereotypes are traits which can be attributed to all members of a group without considering the differences between them. in other words stereotypes are part of the thoughts and bel...

This paper develops a semantic analysis of the three constructions: (i) the subjectoriented adverb construction (Wisely, John left early), (ii) the ‘Adj. + to Inf.’ construction (John was wise to leave early), and (iii) the ‘Adj. + of NP’ construction (It was wise of John to leave early), which all involve three semantic components: (i) an individual a (John), (ii) a property P1 that describes ...

This paper addresses the problems that must be considered if computers are going to treat their users as individuals with distinct personalities, goals, and so forth. It first outlines the issues, and then proposes stereotypes as a useful mechanism for building models of individual users on the basis of a small amount of information about them. In order to build user models quickly, a large amo...

Defensive projection is the process of perceiving one's undesirable qualities in others. The present research shows how stereotypes guide and justify the projection of specific traits onto specific group members. In four studies, the authors demonstrated that people who experienced a threat to a specific dimension of their self-concept selectively activated this dimension in a stereotype and de...

To judge another person's behavior, one often has to come to an understanding of what that behavior was in its detail. Five studies demonstrated that stereotypes influence the tacit inferences people make about the unspecified details and ambiguities of social behavior (e.g., what the behavior specifically was, what stimulus the individual reacted to, what caused the individual to act) and that...