BACKGROUND Sugar beet and intermediates of sugar beet processing are considered to be very attractive feedstock for ethanol production due to their content of fermentable sugars. In particular, the processing of the intermediates into ethanol is considerably facilitated because it does not require pretreatment or enzymatic treatment in contrast to production from starch raw materials. Moreover,...

A microbial community is engaged in a complex economy of cooperation and competition for carbon and energy. In engineered systems such as anaerobic digestion and fermentation, these relationships are exploited for conversion of a broad range of substrates into products, such as biogas, ethanol, and carboxylic acids. Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), for example, hexanoic acid, are valuable, ene...

BACKGROUND Reducing the production cost of, and increasing revenues from, industrial biofuels will greatly facilitate their proliferation and co-integration with fossil fuels. The cost of feedstock is the largest cost in most fermentation bioprocesses and therefore represents an important target for cost reduction. Meanwhile, the biorefinery concept advocates revenue growth through complete uti...

Corn distillers grains (CDG) and corn gluten feed (CGF) are the major corn coproducts fed to cattle. Both CDG and CGF can be fed wet or dried with animal performance usually similar when fed wet or dried products; however, some research results favored the wet products. Cattle diets can contain CDG or CGF as replacements for portions of both concentrates and forages. Distillers grains is a very...

Distillers grains with solubles (DGS) and corn gluten feed (CGF) are the major byproducts of ethanol production fed to cattle. Both DGS and CGF can be fed wet or dried with animal performance usually similar when fed as wet or dried products; however, some research results favored the wet products. Cattle diets can contain DGS or CGF as replacements for portions of both concentrates and forages...

Foster, McDaniel, Woodruff, and Stokes (1945) recently described the formation of conidia by molds of the genus Penicillium during submerged growth in liquid culture media. Controlling or associated factors for this phenomenon were described as the presence of a rather high calcium-ion concentration and, in general, the development of considerably less mycelium before spore formation than is fo...