Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) which give rise to different blood cell types are present within the bone marrow microenvironment, especially in flat bones such as skull, vertebrae, pelvis and chest. Interacting factors such as stromal derived factor-1/CXCR4, very late antigen-4/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1/ intercellular adhesion molec...

COMPARED WITH MOST NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL phenomena, muscle contraction is a slow process. After an action potential has arrived at the muscle fiber membrane, it takes some 30 ms to fully start up the contractile machinery, and it takes even longer to stop it, i.e., to relax force. The contractile muscle properties differ between fast and slow muscle fibers, and they also change during contraction:...

736 L ike rowdy bar patrons, centro-somes must be booted from the cell during oogenesis. To achieve this, a cell cycle regulator moonlights as a bouncer for centrosomes, as shown by Kim and Roy on page 751. In most organisms, centrosomes are removed from the developing egg to prevent the fertilized zygote from inheriting redundant sets from both the egg and the sperm. But too many of these micr...

Springing from memory and imagination, mind wandering is a mental state occupying as much as half of our waking life, involving a shift of attention away from the external environment and toward task-unrelated concerns (1). Although mind wandering may play an important role in planning and creativity (2, 3), it is also widely associated with negative mood and degraded performance on measures of...

In the background section of their abstract, Woei-Cherng Shyu and associates state that because granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties and the capacity to mobilize stem cells, it has the potential to be used in treatment of stroke. However, there are limited data about the effects of G-CSF on hemostasis. It has been suggested that G-CS...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of an electrocautery strategy with ovulation induction using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Secondary and tertiary hospitals in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 168 patients with clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: 83 were allocated elec...