Since the first report in 2005, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery has been linked to a variety of metabolic changes that alter kidney stone risk. The studies with the highest level of evidence, performed in non-stone forming patients before and after RYGB, cite a number of kidney stone risk factors, including a 25% increase in urinary oxalate, a 30% decrease in urinary citrate, and reduct...

In this paper, Carry Tree Adders are Proposed. Parallel prefix adders have the best performance in VLSI Design. Parallel prefix adders gives the best performance compared to the Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) and Carry Skip Adder (CSA). Here Delay measurements are done for Kogge-Stone Adder, Sparse Kogge-Stone Adder and Spanning Tree Adder. Speed of Kogge-Stone adder and Sparse Kogge-Stone adder have...

The Accordion stone management device is a hydrophilic microcatheter-based tool that blocks stone migration. This instrument has been described for use during ureteroscopy to prevent retropulsion of stone fragments. We used this device during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in 30 patients to prevent antegrade migration of stone fragments (group 1), and find that the device is easily inserte...

Objective Kidney stone disease has high rates of recurrence. In order to avert a recurrent episode, metabolic risk factors should be evaluated during follow-up. The study is aimed to investigate the metabolic abnormalities in patients with kidney stone and to explore whether metabolic disorders are associated with types of the stone. Methods A total of 34 patients with renal stone were recruite...

To minimize the operative time and to avoid open cystolithotomy in women with large bladder stone (>5 cm), we present here a modification of percutaneous cystolithotomy, a well-described standard procedure for urinary bladder stones. With this technique, suprapubic percutaneous access was achieved under cystoscopic guidance. The suprapubic tract was dilated and an Amplatz sheath of 30 Fr was pl...

BACKGROUND Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a noninvasive, safe, and efficient treatment option for ureteral stones. Depending on stone location and size, the overall stone-free rate (SFR) varies significantly. Failure of stone disintegration results in unnecessary exposure to shock waves and radiation and requires alternative treatment procedures, which increases medical costs. It is therefore ...

introduction: few researches have been conducted researches on the influence of the type of dental stone used for fabrication of casts on the adaptation of denture bases. the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two types of stone casts on the accuracy of fit in complete denture bases. methods: using sixty fully replicated master casts obtained by duplicating a metal die represent...

Marco Polo describes a bridge, stone by stone. “But which is the stone that supports the bridge?” Kublai Khan asks. “The bridge is not supported by one stone or another,” Marco answers, “but by the line of the arch that they form.” Kublai Khan remains silent, reflecting. Then he adds: “Why do you speak to me of the stones? It is only the arch that matters to me.” Polo answers: “Without stones, ...

A 15-year-old boy with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and end-stage CKD was referred to us for renal replacement therapy. He was previously under follow-up with a paediatric unit. JRA was diagnosed at the age of 3/2 years when he developed polyarthritis and uveitis. He received steroids, sulphasalazine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, calcium supplements (calcium phosphate) and vita...

1. Urinary stones 1.1 Pathogenesis 1.2 Classification of stones 1.2.1 Calcium stones 1.2.2 Uric Acid Stones 1.2.3 Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Stones, struvite or infection stones 1.2.4 Cystine 1.3 Risk factors 1.3.1 Non-genetic factors 1.3.1.1 Diet 1.3.1.2 Body size 1.3.1.3 Environment 1.3.2 Genetic factors 2. Other urological stones: Testicular microlithiasis 3. Biliary and gallbladder stones...