Antibiotic resistant bacteria are ubiquitous in the natural environment. The introduction of effluent derived antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into aquatic environments is of concern in the spreading of genetic risk. This study showed the prevalence of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes, sul1, sul2, sul3, and tet(M), in the total bacterial assemblage and colony forming bacterial asse...

Estimations of the bacterial content of air can be more easily made now than a decade ago, with colony formation the method of choice for enumeration of airborne bacteria. However, plate counts are subject to error because bacteria exposed to the air may remain viable yet lose the ability to form colonies, i.e., they become viable but nonculturable. If airborne bacteria exhibit this phenomenon,...

Bacterial cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress; for example, almost all cells must endure starvation, and antimicrobials, of course, are administered to kill bacteria. These stressed cells enter a resting state known as persistence in which they become tolerant to nearly all antibiotics without undergoing genetic change. These dormant cells survive courses of antibiotics, as ant...

background: central venous (cv) catheters play an essential role in the management of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (icu). cv lines are, however, allied to catheter-associated blood stream infections. bacterial colonization of cv lines is deemed the main cause of catheter-associated infection. the purpose of our study was to compare bacterial colony counts in the catheter s...

*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammad Ahad Qayyum, 9 J Johar Town, Sunflower Colony, Lahore, Pakistan Tel: 92-42-5310776 E-mail: [email protected] It is quite extraordinary how the knowledge of certain aspects of medicine such as understanding medical etymology, symbols and history are not stressed upon during our medical training. These aspects are in fact responsible for...

background: infection control should be an integrated part of patient care, especially to ensure safety and survival in hospitalized neonates. although povidone‑iodine (pvp‑i) solution has been used as the most common antiseptic in hospitals of iran, chlorhexidine is currently used in some wards for skin disinfection. however, there is no evidence about the superiority of either antiseptic solu...

Bacterial-fungal interactions are important in the functioning of natural ecosystems. We examined possible synergistic or antagonistic effects during degradation polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a fungal–bacterial co-culture. Bacteria and fungi were grown liquid nutrient medium supplemented with PAH substrates. The PAHs identification metabolites checked HPLC. Enzyme activities spectr...

OBJECTIVE To compare the number of bacterial counts in tap water at first burst and running tap water. MATERIAL AND METHOD The present study was performed in thirty-two first burst water samples and twenty-nine running tap water samples after two minutes, collected from an operation room at one standard hospital and analyzed for the mean, median, and 95% achieved confidence interval of CFU/ml...

introduction : hospital infections are one of the important reasons of mortality and incurred expenses. therefore, we must control these infections by identifying contamination sources. the aim of this study was the determination of bacterial pollution of corrugated anesthesia sets in surgical rooms. methods: this study was an analytic-description one performed in training hospitals of yazd cit...