background hamstring muscles play an important role in functional activities and relaxation and most people around the world suffer from the shortened muscles. different methods of repairing were suggested and there were disagreements with regard to determination of one technique with high efficiency. objectives this study aimed to introduce more effective method, either a static stretch or hol...

Two types of rod-coil block copolymers including poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P3HT-b-PEG) and PEG-block-polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization, Suzuki coupling, and interfacial polymerization. Afterward, two types of single crystals were grown by self-seeding methodology to investigate the coily and rod blocks in grafted brushes and o...

Turbulence and chaos play a fundamental role in stellar convective zones through the transport of particles, energy and momentum, and in fast dynamos, through the stretching, twisting and folding of magnetic flux tubes. A particularly revealing way to describe turbulent motions is through the analysis of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS), which are material lines or surfaces that act as tran...

We study theoretically the denaturation of single RNA molecules by mechanical stretching, focusing on signatures of the (un)folding pathway in molecular fluctuations. Our model describes the interactions between nucleotides by incorporating the experimentally determined free energy rules for RNA secondary structure, whereas exterior single-stranded regions are modeled as freely jointed chains. ...

A new type of decay corresponding to the neutronless Beaccompanied fragmentation of Cf is studied. We employ a cluster model similar to the model used for the description of cluster radioactivity. No preformation factors were considered. The ternary relative isotopic yields were calculated as the ratio of the penetrability of a given ternary fragmentation over the sum of penetrabilities of all ...

Efficient mixing, typically characterized by chaotic advection, is hard to achieve in low Reynolds number conditions because of the linear nature of the Stokes equation that governs the motion. Here we show that low-Reynolds-number swimmers moving on quasi-periodic orbits can result in considerable stretching and folding of fluid elements. We accurately follow packets of tracers within the flui...

Recent progress has been made in the understanding of the physical properties of chromatin – the dense complex of DNA and histone proteins that occupies the nuclei of plant and animal cells. Here I will focus on the two lowest levels of the hierarchy of DNA folding into the chromatin complex: (i) the nucleosome, the chromatin repeating unit consisting of a globular aggregate of eight histone pr...