We describe a technique that maps unranked trees to their hash codes using a bottom-up deterministic tree automaton (DTA). In contrast to techniques implemented with minimal tree automata, our procedure builds a pseudo-minimal DTA. Pseudo-minimal automata are larger than the minimal ones but in turn the mapping can be arbitrary, so it can be determined prior to the automaton construction. We al...

A recent nonlinear alternative for contraction maps in Fréchet spaces due to Frigon and Granas is used to investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions to first-order boundary value problems for impulsive functional differential equations with infinite delay. An example to illustrate the results is included.

In this paper, we consider a class of nonlinear fuzzy integral equations of fractional order. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are established by the generalized Schauder theorem and contraction mapping principle.

In this paper, we show the existence of a coupled fixed point theorem of nonlinear contraction mappings in complete metric spaces without the mixed monotone property and give some examples of a nonlinear contraction mapping, which is not applied to the existence of coupled fixed point by using the mixed monotone property. We also study the necessary condition for the uniqueness of a coupled fix...

This paper extends the theory of competitive newsvendors to the case where competition occurs simultaneously in both price and inventory. The basic research questions are whether the Nash equilibrium exists in this game, whether it is unique, and how the resulting inventories and prices are a ected by competition. Using a novel method, we show the quasiconcavity of the competitive newsvendor’s ...

The well known contraction mapping principle or Banach’s fixed point theorem asserts: The method for successive substitutions converges only linearly to a fixed point of an operator equation in a Banach space setting [5], [7]. In practice, if Newton’s method is used one ignores the additional information about the contraction mapping information. Werner in [9] provided a local analysis for a Ne...

We discuss the following viscosity approximations with the weak contraction A for a nonexpansive mapping sequence {Tn}, yn αnAyn 1 − αn Tnyn, xn 1 αnAxn 1 − αn Tnxn. We prove that Browder’s and Halpern’s type convergence theorems imply Moudafi’s viscosity approximations with the weak contraction, and give the estimate of convergence rate between Halpern’s type iteration and Mouda’s viscosity ap...

We prove that a (lax) bilimit of 2-functor is characterized by the existence limiting contraction in 2-category cones over diagram. also investigate notion bifinal object and cones. Everything developed context marked 2-categories, so machinery can be applied to different levels laxity, including pseudo-limits.