in recent years, seismic evaluation and vulnerability of the existing buildings, that have been designed based on an earlier seismic design code or designed without seismic design criteria, has been very important. in this paper, the seismic evaluation and vulnerability of concrete buildings, using an old 5- story building with shear walls as an example has been discussed. for this building, fi...

nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. in some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. theref...

1525 The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 216 No. 6 1525–1531 https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201612064 Introduction During eukaryotic cell division, the mitotic spindle mediates the separation of chromosomes into the two daughter cells (Gadde and Heald, 2004; Kapoor, 2017). Microtubules within the spindle are organized in a dense array, with their positions, orientations, len...

This article documents beliefs among Hispanic immigrant and migrant families in central Washington State about the etiology, symptomology, and appropriate treatments for illnesses experienced by their young children. Similar information was gathered from health care staff at several area biomedical facilities. We integrate data from the childhood health project and the authors' previous researc...

Early design decisions made on building configuration and spatial design affect seismic behavior of buildings. Therefore introducing design guidelines and empirical methods implemented to assess seismic behavior of buildings have been proposed as an appropriate approach. Such concept helps architects to take into the consideration that how their preliminary design decisions influence downstream...

1 General.........................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Scope .........................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Definitions .......................................................

Muscles operate eccentrically to either dissipate energy for decelerating the body or to store elastic recoil energy in preparation for a shortening (concentric) contraction. The muscle forces produced during this lengthening behavior can be extremely high, despite the requisite low energetic cost. Traditionally, these high-force eccentric contractions have been associated with a muscle damage ...

The migration of lymphocytes into inflammatory tissue requires the migrating cell to overcome mechanical forces produced by blood flow. A generally accepted hypothesis is that these forces are overcome by a multistep sequence of adhesive interactions between lymphocytes and endothelial cells. This hypothesis has been recently challenged by results demonstrating wall shear stress on the order of...

SOME RECENT ADVANCES IN NONLINEAR AEROELASTICITY: FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN THE 21 CENTURY ABSTRACT Aeroelasticity is the field that examines, models and seeks to understand the interaction of the force from an aerodynamic flow and the deformation of an elastic structure. The forces produce deformation, but the structural deformation in turn changes the aerodynamic forces. This feedback be...

Reproductive health disparities-particularly those experienced by racial and ethnic minority groups-are considered a persistent public health issue in the United States. Frameworks that focus on social determinants of health seek to identify the forces producing these disparities, particularly social conditions that create vulnerability to premature death and disease. Such frameworks pose chall...