To investigate the temperature sensitivity of low-Ca2+-induced nonsynaptic and low-Mg2+-induced synaptic ictogenesis under submerged and interface conditions, we compared changes of extracellular field potential and extracellular potassium concentration at room temperature (23 +/- 1 degrees C; mean +/- SD) and at 35 +/- 1 degrees C in hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices. The induction of spont...

Angular momentum changing collisions can be suppressed in atoms whose valence electrons are submerged beneath filled shells of higher principle quantum number. To determine whether spin-exchange collisions are suppressed in these "submerged shell" atoms, we measured collisional rates for six hyperfine states of Mn at T < 1 K. Although the 3d valence electrons in Mn are submerged beneath a fille...

A single-fibre microfiltration system was employed to investigate the importance of various operating and sludge property parameters to the membrane fouling during sludge filtration. The sludge was obtained from a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). A series of comparative and correlative filtration and fouling tests were conducted on the influence of the operating variables, sludge propertie...

The objective of this study was to investigate powdered activated carbon (PAC) contribution to natural organic matter (NOM) removal by a submerged MF and UF hybrid systems. It was found that filtration of surface waters by a bare MF and UF membranes removed negligible TOC; by contrast, significant amounts of TOC were removed when daily added PAC particles were predeposited on the membrane surfa...