Expanding competition in all aspects of telecommunications supply makes it increasingly difficult to maintain cross-subsidies in the supply of local telecommunications services. A large cross-subsidy flows from long-distance telephone service to local exchange service. Approximately 45 cents of every dollar spent on a long-distance call is paid to the local exchange providers at both ends of th...

We formalize the notion that GATT exceptions such as antidumping and escape clause actions can act as insurance for import competing sectors affected by adverse price shocks. We use a general equilibrium model with several import competing sectors and assume incomplete markets so that agents cannot contract insurance. We show that these measures are superior to uniform tariffs as insurance mech...

In this paper we estimate the effect of agricultural electricity subsidies in India on groundwater extraction and agricultural output. Our empirical approach exploits changes in state electricity prices over time controlling for aggregate annual shocks and fixed district unobservables. Electricity subsidies meaningfully increase groundwater extraction, where the implied extensive margin price e...

Adopt principal component regression for researching the optimal subsidy mode of cotton production in China. The result indicates that, from the perspective of economic stimulatory effect, the optimal cotton subsidy in China is farm chemical subsidy rather than seed subsidy. The reason is that there are frequent pest disasters in cotton producing areas in China. So farm chemical subsidy is the ...

Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Abstract Despite the significant rise in obesity in the U.S., economic research on obesity is still in its infancy. This paper employs a microeconomic approach to investigate the effects of price and income changes on weight in an effort to ...

Remanufacturing is one of the most effective forms recycling economy, and “Trade-in for Remanufacturing” (TIFR) program in China plays an important role development remanufacturing. To understand this new business model remanufacturing, price demand relationship NP RP are examined two periods, considering TIFR subsidy which practice China. Comparing integrated optimization scheme tiered scheme,...

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This paper constructs a simple model to illustrate that the current food stamp subsidy scheme fails to achieve its aim due to the crowding-out effect. In particular, if the household income is sufficiently low, only the corner solution exists and full subsidy is needed. The optimal food stamp subsidy scheme is identified and the subsidy efficiency rate is introduced to measure the impact on foo...

Nepal's farmers report fertilizer shortages yearly, especially for rice, wheat, and maize production. A reliable established approach to estimating the actual demand fertilizers different crops cropping seasons is lacking. Therefore, it difficult project types quantity of import allocate across various regions in country. With direct involvement Government Nepal (GoN) import, price (subsidy), d...

To motivate more people to participate in vaccination campaigns, various subsidy policies are often supplied by government and the health sectors. However, these external incentives may also alter the vaccination decisions of the broader public, and hence the choice of incentive needs to be carefully considered. Since human behavior and the networking-constrained interactions among individuals ...