The virtual reliance on anthelmintic drugs alone to control internal parasites of livestock is inappropriate and ultimately unsustainable. In the tropics and subtropics, widespread and high levels of anthelmintic resistance, particularly in nematode parasites of small ruminants, is rife. But more to the point, many farmers in these regions of the world are resource poor and cannot afford, or ar...

Rural societies in war-affected areas can be described as ’distressed livelihoods’: they experience a dramatic increase in risk and uncertainty. How does this affect land use and agricultural coping strategies of small-scale farm households? This was the key research question of a multi-disciplinary, comparative village study carried out in the war-torn areas of Sri Lanka. The study employed th...

AIM Scaly tree ferns, Cyatheaceae, are a well-supported group of mostly tree-forming ferns found throughout the tropics, the subtropics and the south-temperate zone. Fossil evidence shows that the lineage originated in the Late Jurassic period. We reconstructed large-scale historical biogeographical patterns of Cyatheaceae and tested the hypothesis that some of the observed distribution pattern...

Global production of bananais adversely affected by abiotic stresses, namely, drought, salinity and low temperature which cause changes in morphology, anatomy, physiology biochemical metabolism plant. Different banana cultivars respond differently when grown subtropical regions due to mainly at the time flowering fruiting. The persist cold winter become a major constraint for proper growth deve...

5 Analysis of model output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 6 (CMIP5) reveals that, in the zonal mean, the near-term projections of summertime changes 7 of precipitation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) subtropics are very widely scattered among 8 the models. As a consequence, over the next 50 years, the CMIP5 multimodel mean projects 9 no statistically significant trends ...