Cholera toxin (CT) is the primary virulence factor responsible for severe cholera. Vibrio cholerae strains unable to produce CT show severe attenuation of virulence in animals and humans. The pentameric B subunit of CT (CTB) contains the immunodominant epitopes recognized by antibodies that neutralize CT. Although CTB is a potent immunogen and a promising protective vaccine antigen in animal mo...

A chimeric yellow fever (YF) virus/Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE) was constructed by insertion of the prM-E genes from the attenuated JE virus SA14-14-2 vaccine strain into a full-length cDNA clone of YF 17D virus. Passage in fetal rhesus lung (FRhL) cells led to the emergence of a small-plaque virus containing a single Met-->Lys amino acid mutation at E279, reverting ...

A collection of 521 environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae which were previously examined by the suckling mouse assay and found to be negative for the heat-stable enterotoxin NAG-ST were reassessed by a recently developed DNA probe for NAG-ST. A total of 12 (2.3%) of the isolates hybridized with the NAG-ST probe. By using a cholera toxin (CT) DNA probe, the CT gene was detected in six of the...

Previously described animal models for Helicobacter pylori infection have been limited by cumbersome host requirements (e.g., germ-free conditions or unusual species) or are applicable to only special subsets of H. pylori strains (e.g., fresh clinical isolates or animal-adapted derivatives). Here, we report that 5- to 6-day-old outbred CD-1 (ICR) suckling mice support 24-h colonization of all H...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is responsible for substantial economic losses in livestock breeding each year, and the development of new strategies is needed to overcome the limitations of existing vaccines and antiviral drugs. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral potential of transgenic porcine cells and suckling mice that simultaneously expressed two short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) tar...

Effect of Different Levels Density Flaked Corn on Growth Performance, Blood and Rumen Parameters Holstein Suckling Calves

The pancreas secretes several different lipases. The most abundant is pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL). The pancreas also synthesizes two homologues of PTL, the pancreatic lipase-related proteins 1 and 2 (PLRP1 and PLRP2). Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes also express PLRP2 under certain conditions. We sought to determine the role of PLRP2 in fat absorption and in T-cell cytotoxicity by creating a P...

The effect of two inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, triparanol and AY 9944, on peripheral nerve myelination, was studied . Suckling mice were intraperitoneally injected with both drugs on 3 consecutive days and were sacrificed 6 hr after the last injection ; others were suckled by an injected mother and sacrificed at 2',2 days of age . A single mouse which had been injected with both drug...

The effect of two inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, triparanol and AY 9944, on peripheral nerve myelination, was studied. Suckling mice were intraperitoneally injected with both drugs on 3 consecutive days and were sacrificed 6 hr after the last injection; others were suckled by an injected mother and sacrificed at 2(1/2) days of age. A single mouse which had been injected with both drugs...