BACKGROUND Combined effects of early exposure to beverage sugar and animal protein and later life overweight risk have not been studied. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was initiated in 2001 with 226 infants between 4 and 13 months of age. Dietary intake was assessed with a 2 day food record. Also information on infant body weight and socio-economic status was obtained at baseline. A...

OBJECTIVE To examine the characteristics of supporters and opponents of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax and to identify pro-tax messages that resonate with the public. DESIGN A survey was administered by telephone in February 2013 to assess public opinion about a penny-per-ounce tax on SSB. Support was also examined for SSB consumption reduction and pro-tax messages. Individual character...

A strong positive association exists between the ingestion of alcohol and sweet-tasting solutions. The neural mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown, although recent data suggest that gustatory substrates are involved. Here, we examined the role of sweet taste receptors and central neural circuits for sugar taste in the gustatory processing of ethanol. Taste responses to ethanol (3...

paratus. In activity 2, students can use the equipment used by hobby winemakers – a vinometer – to measure the alcohol content of the must and wine. 3. A well balanced wine needs a certain amount of fruit acid; the total acid content is a very important measure, because it directly affects the flavour. In activity 3, the acid content is determined by pH titration. Four further activitiesw2 can ...

The study examined the relationships between long-term trends in food consumption, alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Data on CRC incidence rates were derived from the National Cancer Registry, on food consumption from the national food balance sheets; data on alcohol and tobacco smoking reflected official statistics of the Central Statistical Office. It was...

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of fat- and sugar-rich diets in utero and during the pre-weaning period on bodyweight and responses to drugs of abuse. In Exp. 1, dams were fed a balanced control diet or high-fat diet (HFD), and female offspring were cross-fostered to dams consuming the balanced diet. The HFD-exposed offspring, compared to controls, were heavier in body...

The immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 70424, Saccharomyces ludwigii DSM 3447 and Saccharomyces rouxii DSM 2531 on brewer's spent grain and then ethanol production and sugar consumption of these immobilized yeasts were investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the abilities of these three immobilized yeasts for producing alcohol for brewing at two temperatures (7 and 12...

the sugar beet moth, scrobipalpa ocellatella boyd. (lep.: gelechidae( is the specific pest of beet. the aim of the present study was to identify the parasitoids of the moth. in this regard, sampling was conducted in fields of khorasan-e-razavi province during 2010 from early july until october. larvae and pupa were collected along with tubers of sugar beet and then were reared under controlled ...

Further to reports of a reciprocal relationship between sugar and fat intakes, this review aimed to provide an in-depth analysis and to determine the likely influence of this relationship on the achievement of population dietary guidelines. Using systematic methods, relevant literature was selected according to preset criteria. A strong and consistent inverse association was found between total...

Acetaldehyde has long been known as a product of alcoholic fermentation by yeast [see Roeser, 1893]. It has likewise been found to be formed by the leaves of higher plants when their metabolism is restricted to anaerobic conditions [Kostytschew, 1913]. In view of this wide distribution, it was to be expected that acetaldehyde would be a product of bacterial fermentation. This is the case. The q...