Classically conformal Standard Model extensions predict an intriguing thermal history of the early Universe. In contrast to common paradigm, onset electroweak phase transition can be significantly delayed while Universe undergoes a period inflation. Then, first-order chiral could not only trigger symmetry breaking but also initiate exit from supercooling. To study dynamics this scenario, we foc...

We estimate a lower bound on the amount of latent heat liberated by freezing droplets. Based on a physical picture of the freezing process, we arrive at an estimate for the effective latent heat (calculated along a reversible path), suitable for heat budget calculations of glaciating clouds. In addition, we arrive at a quadratic dependence on supercooling for the irreversible contribution to he...

The geographic variability of the cold hardiness poikilothermic animals is one keys to understanding mechanisms formation their ranges under climate change or anthropogenic introductions. A convenient object small tortoiseshell butterfly Aglais urticae, which distributed from Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean. On edges distribution range, difference between averages absolute minimum air temperatures...