While biomass has been recognized as an important renewable energy source which has a range of positive impacts on the economy, environment, and society, the existence of feedstock seasonality and risk of service disruptions at collection facilities potentially compromises the efficiency and reliability of the energy supply system. In this paper, we consider reliable supply chain design for bio...

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) has increasingly become a more favored research area for academicians and practitioners in recent years. SCRM has been considered an important source of competitive advantage and as an effective method of reducing vulnerability in supply chain systems. Supply chain risk and uncertainty and their related potential losses are becoming much larger as the frequen...

A supply chain disruption is an unanticipated event that disrupts the flow of materials in a chain. Any given could have significant negative impact on entire Supply network designs usually consider two stage decision process business environment. The first deals with strategic levels, such as to determine facility locations and their capacity, while second considers tactical level, production ...

In very recent years, large-scale disruptions brought by major global and local emergencies have posed many challenges with respect to the recovery control of supply chain systems. This work investigates a problem regarding optimal considering product design change in order enable manufacturers recover their disrupted quickly. A two-layer optimization model is developed, which lower used optimi...

one of the important problems in project management is lack of available resources in proper time at project site that leads to lack of project implementation in due date. this problem may be lead to time delay in sending resources from suppliers and related origins in supply chain to project site. therfore, to better resources managmenet and also the improvement of supply chain condition, the ...

In this paper, a three-echelon supply chain , including two producers, distributor and retailer who produce products in different brands have been considered. Any manufacturer, has a separate channel and the exclusive retailer offers their products, which have been prepared from the distributor (exclusive market) with discount or other manufacturer. In this paper pricing decisions on substitute...