Electrochemical buffing technology (ECB) applies electrochemical and mechanical finishing characteristics in the surface finishing process. ECB can buff ultrahigh purity components to make them shine, without leaving residual stress, micro-cracks, and etc. The control parameters of the ECB process include current density, the rate of revolution of the buffing head, the buffing pressure on the s...

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is key for the production of second generation biofuels, which represent a long-standing leading area in the field of sustainable energy. Despite the wealth of knowledge about cellulase structure and function, the elusive mechanism by which these enzymes disintegrate the complex structure of their insoluble substrate, which is the gist of cellulose saccharifica...

The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of the roughness of a loaded surface on crack formation in a mica-based glass-ceramic bonded to a resin composite base. Five different surface roughnesses were created on glass-ceramic discs by serial wet-grinding with silicone carbide abrasives. The thicknesses of the ceramic discs were 1.50 +/- 0.01 mm. Resin composite discs were ...

With respect to the problem that it is difficult to pick out eggs with small cracks, a novel vibrating type of eggshell cracks detection system using a magnetostrictive transducer was developed firstly. Then the acoustic signals was recorded while the transducer vibrating with the swept frequency from 1 to 14000 Hz. Thirdly, the wavelet and Burg power spectrum were used for data pretreatment an...

Accumulation of microdamage during fatigue can lead to increased fracture susceptibility in bone. Current techniques for imaging microdamage in bone are inherently destructive and two-dimensional. Therefore, the objective of this study was to image the accumulation of fatigue microdamage in cortical bone using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) with a barium sulfate (BaSO(4)) contrast agent. ...

Fiber reinforced composites have been widely used in aerospace applications due to their functional properties such as high strength-to-weight ratios. But many challenges are yet to be overcome in order to have more confidence on the performance of composites structures. Particularly, composites have different failures types and modes that make the damage prediction and propagation a very chall...

The present paper investigates monitoring of fatigue cracks of a metal structure using an eddy current micro sensor. Fatigue cracks tend to occur at bolt-jointed structures on an aircraft. In order to detect the damage quantitatively, a kind of change-prone micro eddy current sensor is designed and fabricated with flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) technology. A forward semi-analytical model...

In the present study, plate-impact experiments are employed to better understand the stress threshold for inelasticity in Westerly granite. The experiments are designed to obtain the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) as well as spall strength following shock-induced compression in the Westerly granite samples. The HEL for Westerly granite is estimated to be in the range 3.2 to 3.5 GPa, while the spa...

An integral equations method for a three-dimensional crack in a finite or infinite body is achieved by means of Kupradze potentials. Surface and through cracks can be studied according to this approach with only the assumption that the body has a linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic behavior. Both singular surface integrals and line integrals appear in the derived equations. For surface a...

Microcrystalline silicon (mc-Si:H) cells can reach efficiencies up to typically 10% and are usually incorporated in tandem micromorph devices. When cells are grown on rough substrates, ‘‘cracks’’ can appear in the mc-Si:H layers. Previous works have demonstrated that these cracks have mainly detrimental effects on the fill factor and open-circuit voltage, and act as bad diodes with a high rever...