Recent experimental results on the origins of sonoluminescence and sonochemistry are reviewed and the conclusion reached that most observed effects originate from thermal processes associated with a localized hot-spot created by acoustic cavitation. Sonoluminescence is definitively due to chemiluminescence from species produced thermally during cavitational collapse and is not attributable to e...

The antigenic composition of Candida albicans is very complex. In order to study the antigenic relationship between blastoconidia and germ tubes of C. albicans, we produced several monoclonal antibodies and analyzed their reactivity against cell wall antigens either in intact cells or in cells treated with dithiothreitol. Overall, four types of reactivity were found. Monoclonal antibodies 3D9 a...

The addition of dopants with a small ionic radius led to strong binding H atoms, and the balance H+ reactivity (mobility) coverage was fundamentally important for high conductivity catalysis involving surface protonics.

In the conversion of fuel in the Tehran Research Reactor core from Highly- Enriched Uraniutn to Low-Enriched Uranium fuel neutronics analysis, thermal hydraulic calculations and kinetic performance of the core have to be studied. In this study, static and dynamic core performance for HEU and LEU fuels were investigated. In static conditions, two groups of neutron flux distributions in axia...

Chemical and enzymatic modifications intended to improve the reactivity of dissolving pulp rapidly decrease its yield. In this study, a beating posttreatment intended to increase the reactivity of bamboo dissolving pulp was investigated. Beating post-treatment can create microfibrils on the surface of fibers. The reactivity of unrefined bamboo dissolving pulp prepared via pre-hydrolysis and a s...

The local reactivity of thin pseudomorphic Pd overlayers on Au(111) and (100) single crystal surfaces has been studied by periodic density functional theory calculations within the generalized gradient approximation. We have determined the adsorption energies of atomic hydrogen and of CO as a microscopic probe of the reactivity. We demonstrate that both surface strain effects and substrate inte...

Quantum state-resolved reactivity measurements probe the role of vibrational symmetry on the vibrational activation of the dissociative chemisorption of CH4 on Pt(111). IR-IR double resonance excitation in a molecular beam is used to prepare CH4 in all three different vibrational symmetry components A1, E, and F2 of the 2ν3 antisymmetric stretch overtone vibration. Methyl dissociation products ...

Introduction: The chemical reactivity of lunar re-golith is one of the most important issues which impacts the human health and biological effects of lunar regolith. The constant micrometeorite bombardment of the lunar surface results in both comminution and shock melting of lunar regolith. In addition, radiation effects are likely to enhance the chemical reactivity of lunar regolith. With resp...

The dependence of voltammetric currents on multiple parameters (concentration, pH, temperature, etc) has become a primary source information in interfacial studies noble metal electrodes. Peak potential, charge, and width are intimately related to surface structure reactivity. However, this interpretation usually neglects the complexity redox processes involved. For so-called hydrogen adsorptio...