background: intra-articular t- type or y- type fractures of the distal end of the humerus are relatively rare, and consequently few surgeons will be able to attain extensive experience with the surgical treatment of these injuries. the current emphasis is on operative intervention with rigid internal fixation and early mobilization. methods: in this prospective and retrospective study, we revie...

background: on an average 30-50% of patients who undergo incision and drainage (i and d) of anal abscess will develop recurrence or fistula formation. it is claimed that finding the internal orifice of anal abscess to distract the corresponding anal gland duct; will decline the rate of future anal fistula. surgeons supporting i and d alone claim that finding the internal opening is hazardous. t...

introduction women with mosaic turner syndrome (ts) bearing the presence of y chromosome material or with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (cais) is at risk of gonadal malignancy. two patients with characteristic features of these uncommon disorders are reported, and the surgical techniques of laparoscopic gonadectomy are reviewed and discussed. the aim of the present study is to report...

background rhinoplasty is one of the most common surgeries of the plastic surgery and as well as ear, throat and nose. intra-operative bleeding during surgery is one of the most important factors that may impair the surgeon’s job. providing a clean blood-free surgical filed makes the operation faster, easier and with a better quality. one way to achieve this goal is to induce hypotension. this ...

Surgery for mandibular condyle fractures must allow direct vision of the fracture, reduce surgical trauma and achieve reduction and fixation while avoiding facial nerve injury. This prospective study was conducted to introduce a new surgical approach for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condyle fractures using a modified transparotid approach via the parotid mini-incision, and...

â  background hirschsprung’s disease (hd) is a congenital disease in which intesâ­tinal ganglionic cells are absent, leading to intestinal obstruction. the disease has various clinical manifestations and different lengths of bowel may be involved. our aim was to study hirschsprung’s clinical presentations and its rate of intestinal involvement in hospitalized patients in a six year course s...

OBJECTIVES Carotid artery pseudo-occlusion is a rare condition and its natural history and clinicopathological characteristics are not well defined. We reported our 7-year experience in the surgical treatment of carotid artery pseudo-occlusion to determine the real benefit of the surgical option. METHODS From January 2006 to December 2013, 1414 patients were treated for high-grade stenosis of...

Background: Informed consent is the cornerstone of medical ethics and is related to four out of ten articles of the patient's legal charter, aimed at supporting the patient and clarifies ethical principles in the physician-patient relationship. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of receiving patients’ informed consent in the surgical wards in Zanjan University of M...