retained gauze after surgery is an uncommon error and it may be associated with many complications. we are reporting our case to call attention to the fact that retained gauze may become symptomatic even after a very long interval. herein we report on a patient who developed infection and fistula with discharge from this error 35 years after a surgery for femur fracture and insertion of a im na...

the aim of this study was to determine the trend of changes in cataract surgical rate (csr) in the provinces of iran during 2006 to 2010 and identify high risk areas.this report is part of the national iranian csr study. the percentage change in csr in 2010 compared to 2006 was conducted in each province, retrospectively. one hundred and ten centers were chosen from all provinces, to determine ...

To the Editor: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Standard on Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens mandates that the employer provide the healthcare worker with protective apparel that is commensurate with the "task and degree of exposure anticipated." In effect, and as supported by the literature, this makes the selection process procedureoriented. The question that l...

background: supracondylar fracture of the humerus is the second most common fracture in children. for most cases closed reduction and percutaneous crossed pinning is recommended. those patients who had previously undergone an unsuccessful closed reduction trial need open reduction and pin fixation, but the best surgical approach is questionable. most surgeons apply the technique of posterior or...

background: reintubation in patients after cardiac surgery is associated with undesirable consequences. the purpose of the present study was to identify variables that could predict reintubation necessity in this group of patients. methods: w e performed a prospective study in 1000 consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. the patients who required reint...

introduction: the pericranial flaps' benefits have been described in many otolaryngologic, maxillofacial and plastic surgery literature. the benefits ar e due to the pericranial flaps unique characteristics including good flexibility and mobility, very rich blood supply from several arterial sources and access to sufficient bulk of the flap without any need for distant surgical sites. usin...

one of the basic purposes in dental treatment is providing a painless treatment for patients. this purpose may be achieved by the application of laser in dentistry. low-level laser therapy (lllt) is an internationally accepted title for biomodulation with low-level lasers which we use to achieve ideal therapeutic effects. low-level laser therapy is a painless, reproducible, non-invasive, and wi...

the author studied anatomical variations of the origin of the chorda tympani nerve from the mastoid portion of the facial nerve. the studies were performed on 200 specimens of human temporal bone. it was found that the chorda tympani may arise from the facial nerve in three levels: most commonly from the mid third of its mastoid segment (70%), less commonly from the proximal third (20%), and ve...