The available taxonomic expertise and knowledge of species is still inadequate to cope with the urgent need for cost-effective methods to quantifying community response to natural and anthropogenic drivers of change. So far, the mainstream approach to overcome these impediments has focused on using higher taxa as surrogates for species. However, the use of such taxonomic surrogates often limits...

À l’heure de la révision loi bioéthique française et du bouleversement l’accès à procréation médicalement assistée, gestation pour autrui vient questionner les repères éthiques auxquels se rattachent législateurs français. Au carrefour nombreuses problématiques médicales, sociales, psychologiques, légales, politiques ou encore féministes, interroge devise « liberté, égalité, fraternité ». cœur ...

The use of biological surrogates as proxies for biodiversity patterns is gaining popularity, particularly in marine systems where field surveys can be expensive and species richness high. Yet, uncertainty regarding their applicability remains because of inconsistency of definitions, a lack of standard methods for estimating effectiveness, and variable spatial scales considered. We present a Bay...

Statistics situates infertility as a global health issue with about 48 million couples and 186 individuals. The rate at which IVF surrogacy arrangement have been engaged globally has raised alarm to scholars in medicine, sociology, law, social work, psychology, religion among other fields. Improved methods unarguable advantages of particularly dire need children left even more questions unanswe...