In the previous laboratory experiment, we saw how the intermolecular forces between molecules determined the boiling point of a liquid. Distillation was one method which could be used to separate (or purify) chemical compounds. Unfortunately, distillation is not always a practical method to employ for purifications. Large molecules can have extremely high boiling points, even under reduced pres...

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has recently become a popular technique for the analysis of crude oils. It has been demonstrated for simulated distillation (1) and for hydrocarbon type separation (2-3). The advantages of SFC over gas chromatography (GC) in simulated distillation are the wider boiling range and lower temperature thus preventing cracking of heavy molecules during analysi...

Hybrid separation systems have recently been hailed as one of the inost promising alternatives to conventional capital and energy intensive separation processes. Hybrid separation systems are able to effectively separate inixtures commonly encountered in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries that are difficult or impossible to separate by conventional distillation processes due to aze...

The basic mechanisms controlling the sweeping efficiency of propagating current sheets are investigated through experiments and analytical modelling. The sweeping efficiency of a current sheet in a parallel plate gas-fed pulsed plasma accelerator is defined as the ratio of the current sheet mass to the total available propellant mass. Permeability of neutrals through the sheet, and leakage of m...

The presence of N-nitrosamines was determined in samples of industrially manufactured liver patty stored at different temperatures for a variable period of time. Sample preparation included steam distillation and extraction of redistilled samples with dichlormethane. The extracts were analyzed by a gas chromatography--mass spectrometry system (GC-MS-SIM). Study results expressed as total N-nitr...

The number of published papers about membrane distillation (MD) has been growing exponentially and many evaluation and performance criteria are used to measure it; but, there is no established tradition or evaluation standard for them. This makes the evaluations difficult to compare, or even incomplete. This paper presents therefore a comprehensive critical review and clarification of the major...

Polypropylene hollow fiber membrane (PPHFM) contactor, with aqueous solution absorbent such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA), was designed and used to separate and fix CO2 from CO2/N2 gas mixtures. The factors that influence the separation properties of CO2/N2 were investigated. It was found that the CO2 removal efficiency is the best by using MEA solu...