There is now compelling evidence that harm reduction approaches to HIV prevention among injecting drug users are effective, safe and cost-effective. The evidence of effectiveness is strongest for needle and syringe programs and opioid substitution treatment. There is no convincing evidence that needle and syringe programs increase injecting drug use. The low prevalence approximately 1%) of HIV ...

The commercially available auto-injector epinephrine is considerable expensive. Epinephrine prefilled syringe is an alternative treatment for anaphylaxis patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the stability and sterility of epinephrine prefilled syringe. Epinephrine prefilled syringe was kept in the pencil box to prevent from light exposure. The active ingredients, integri...

Lyme borreliosis is a multisystemic disease caused by various genospecies of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. To investigate muscle involvement in the nonhuman primate (NHP) model of Lyme disease, 16 adult Macaca mulatta animals inoculated with strain N40 of B. burgdorferi sensu strictu by syringe or by tick bite or with strain Pbi of B. burgdorferi genospecies garinii by syringe were studi...

The study aimed to find whether subcutaneous morphine administration by syringe driver for terminally ill patients in a Dutch nursing home led to higher morphine doses and earlier death than routine morphine administration. The data comprised the files of all patients dying over a 2 year period in a 355-bed nursing home in Delft in the Netherlands. Thirty-eight per cent of the patients had been...

In 2006, ISMP (US) reported that prefilled saline syringes were being used for reconstitution or dilution of medications, with the medication being withdrawn from the vial back into the syringe. 1 ISMP alerted practitioners to the increased risk of medication error if syringes used in this way were not appropriately relabelled. This problem can be of particular concern if a high-alert medicatio...

Although various devices have been designed to enable the syringe to be held single handed2l 3 4 we have found the "braced thumb method" as described by Webbl56 to be satisfactory. The lump to be aspirated is steadied between the thumb and forefinger of the left hand while a 20 ml syringe with a No. 18 guage (green) needle is held in the right hand. The needle is introduced into the lesion whil...

obviate the necessity for the .operator to maintain pressure on the plunger was found to he ineffective after repeated trials. The syringe described by W. O. Gross (1954) seems to offer an advance in mass inoculation technique in that it provides a more rapid method than others described. Again, however, with this syringe the thumb must control the plunger carefully during injection and withdra...

Aim e purpose of this study was to compare surface contamination resulting from standard syringe plungers and cylinders compared to using the EQUASHIELD® Syringe Unit. Method e contamination level of standard syringes was compared to that of EQUASHIELD® Syringe Units, after repeated pharmaceutical manipulations using an antineoplastic (Cyclophosphamide) drug. Results Signi cant levels of up to ...

We report a new method to display the minute fluctuations induced by syringe pumps on microfluidic flows by using a liquid-liquid system with an ultralow interfacial tension. We demonstrate that the stepper motor inside the pump is a source of fluctuations in microfluidic flows by comparing the frequencies of the ripples observed at the interface to that of the pulsation of the stepper motor. W...