BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in obesity and associated risk factors for obesity are widening throughout developed countries worldwide. Tackling obesity is high on the public health agenda both in the United Kingdom and internationally. However, what works in terms of interventions that are able to reduce inequalities in obesity is lacking. METHODS/DESIGN The review will examine publi...

BACKGROUND Failures in nontechnical and teamwork skills frequently lie at the heart of harm and near-misses in the operating room (OR). The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the impact of nontechnical skills on technical performance in surgery. STUDY DESIGN MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO databases were searched, and 2,041 articles were identified. After limits were applied, 341 artic...

INTRODUCTION Treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is highly effective if taken according to prescribed schedules. However, many people have difficulty adhering to treatment which can lead to poorer clinical outcomes, the development of drug resistance, increased duration of infectivity and consequent onward transmission of infection. A range of approaches are available to support adherence but in or...

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of age at onset on the long-term clinical, social and global outcomes of schizophrenia through a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Original studies were searched from Web of Science, PsycINFO, Pubmed and Scopus, as well as manually. Naturalistic studies with at least a 2-year follow-up were included. Of the 3509 search results, 81 articles fu...

OBJECTIVES Record review is the most used method to quantify patient safety. We systematically reviewed the reliability and validity of adverse event detection with record review. DESIGN A systematic review of the literature. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library and from their inception through February 2015. We included all studies that aimed to des...

Due to its prominence in artificial intelligence and theoretical computer science, the propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) has received considerable attention in the past. Traditionally, this problem was attacked with systematic search algorithms, but more recently, local search methods were shown to be very effective for solving large and hard SAT instances. Especially in the light of r...

All medical practice and research must be evidence-based, as far as this is possible. With medical knowledge constantly growing, it has become necessary to possess a high level of information literacy to stay competent and professional. Furthermore, as patients can now search information on the Internet, clinicians must be able to respond to this type of information in a professional way, when ...

The Problem: Accurate determination of the three-dimensional atomic structures of molecules is currently a bottleneck in drug design research and is a crucial part of understanding the molecular mechanisms of biological systems. The goal of this project is to systematically enumerate feasible conformations (three-dimensional configurations) of a flexible molecule, subject to a given set of cons...

BACKGROUND Guidelines and evidence-based drug treatment recommendations are usually based on the results of clinical trials, which have limited generalisability in routine clinical settings due to their restrictive eligibility criteria. These trials are also conducted in ideal and rigorously controlled settings. N of 1 trials, which are single patient multiple crossover studies, offer a means o...

BACKGROUND This literature review evaluates the current state of knowledge about the impact of process redesign on the quality of healthcare. METHODS Pubmed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Business Premier Source were searched for relevant studies published in the last ten years [2004-2014]. To be included, studies had to be original research, published in English with a before-and-after study de...