Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous complex disease affecting more than 29 million Americans alone with a rising prevalence trending toward steady increases in the coming decades. Thus, there is a pressing clinical need to improve early prevention and clinical management of T2D and its complications. Clinicians have understood that patients who carry the T2D diagnosis have a variety of phe...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease with multiple etiology, characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose levels. Although the reduction of pancreatic β-cell functional mass, associated or not peripheral insulin resistance, recognized as main etiopathogenetic factor leading to onset T2D, dysregulation metabolism actually result multi-organs alterations, including skeletal mu...

Serum bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant and has been identified as cardiovascular risk in cohort studies, while the relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the elderly remains unclear. We investigated both cross-sectional and prospective associations between serum bilirubin levels and T2D risk in the Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort, and replicated the prospective findings in a nested case...

BACKGROUND Application of metabolite profiling could expand the etiological knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, few prospective studies apply broad untargeted metabolite profiling to reveal the comprehensive metabolic alterations preceding the onset of T2D. METHODS We applied untargeted metabolite profiling in serum samples obtained from the European Prospective Investigatio...

BACKGROUND Many different devices are available to patients to measure glucose levels, but there is no validated method to assess treatment satisfaction with glucose monitoring devices and its impact on quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes. To address this problem, we developed the Glucose Monitoring System Satisfaction Survey (GMSS). We describe the construction and validation o...

Proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D is an autoimmune disease involving the adaptive immune system responding to pancreatic beta-cells as antigen-presenting cells. This attracts immune cells that surround pancreatic islets (insulitis) and secrete cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, i...

BACKGROUND An elevated prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been observed in people with psychotic disorders and their relatives compared to the general population. It is not known whether this population also has increased genetic risk for T2D. METHODS Subjects included probands with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic bipolar I disorder, their first-degree relatives wit...