This paper studies the analogue of Hurwitz groups and surfaces in the context of harmonic group actions on finite graphs. Our main result states that maximal graph groups are exactly the finite quotients of the modular group Γ = 〈 x, y | x2 = y3 = 1 〉 of size at least 6. As an immediate consequence, every Hurwitz group is a maximal graph group, and the final section of the paper establishes a d...

Peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are derived from intracellularly synthesized proteins. Cytosolic proteins are fragmented into peptides, which are subsequently transported via the transporter of antigen presentation (TAP) into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they bind to MHC class I molecules. We have investigated the requirements for MHC clas...

Infections caused by influenza A virus have been proposed to be associated with neuropsychiatric complications, the mechanisms of which remain to be unravelled. We here report that a neurotropic strain of influenza A virus (A/WSN/33) introduced into the olfactory bulbs of C57BL/6 (B6) mice, selectively attacks habenular, paraventricular thalamic, and brainstem monoaminergic neurons. In the habe...

Panels of prognostic biomarkers selected using candidate approaches often do not validate in independent populations, so additional strategies are needed to identify reliable classifiers. In this study, we used an array-based approach to measure DNA methylation and applied a novel method for grouping CpG dinucleotides according to well-characterized genomic sequence features. A hypermethylation...

The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Understanding molecular changes in ESCC should improve identification of risk factors with different molecular subtypes and provide potential targets for early detection and therapy. Our study aimed to obtain a molecular signature of ESCC through the regulation network based on differentially expressed g...

The mechanisms of immune evasion and the role of the early immune response in chronic infection caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still unclear. Here, we present evidence for a cascade of molecular events that the virus initiates to subvert the innate immune attack. The HCV core protein induced p53-dependent gene expression of TAP1 (transporter associated with antigen processing 1) and cons...

Panels of prognostic biomarkers selected using candidate approaches often do not validate in independent populations, so additional strategies are needed to identify reliable classifiers. In this study, we used an arraybased approach to measure DNA methylation and applied a novel method for grouping CpG dinucleotides according to well-characterized genomic sequence features. A hypermethylation ...

Dengue virus (DV) infection demonstrates an intriguing virus-induced intracellular membrane alteration that results in the augmentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antigen presentation. As oppose to its biological function in attracting CD8(+) T-cells, this phenomenon appears to facilitate the immune evasion. However, the molecular events that attribute to the d...