In stick insects walking forwards or backwards, a treading-on-tarsus (TOT) reflex of the middle leg could be elicited by mechanical stimulation of the ipsilateral front leg tarsus. The probability of eliciting a TOT reflex in the middle leg depended on the phase of the stimulus within the middle leg's step cycle and on the position of the middle leg relative to its normal anterior and posterior...

James Syme described his amputation through the ankle in 1843. He had used it for tuberculosis of the tarsus, for compound fracture-dislocation of the talus and for other severe injuries of the tarsus not suitable for more distal amputation. He considered that when it was feasible it had many advantages over below-knee amputation. He deemed it “ safer and more seemly,” avoiding the problem of s...

14 There is increasing interest in the use of continuous housing systems for dairy cows, 15 with various reasons put forward to advocate such systems. However, the welfare of 16 dairy cows is typically perceived to be better within pasture-based systems, although 17 such judgements are often not scientifically based. The aim of this review was to 18 interrogate the existing scientific literatur...

Measuring chick quality has been a difficult issue since the beginning of the poultry industry. There have been many attempts over the decades to evaluate chick quality in the hatchery to predict future performance in the broiler house. One can examine chicks in the hatchery and enumerate conditions such as the incidences of red hocks, open navels, string navels, and other abnormalities. In mos...

This article compares the collection characteristics of a new rotating impactor Florida Latham Bonds (FLB) sampler for ultrafine aerosols with a mimic of the industry standard (Hock-type). The volume and droplet-size distribution collected by the rotating impactors were measured via spectroscopy and microscopy. The rotary impactors were colocated with an isokinetic air sampler for a total volum...

Archaeological potential could not be assessed with spatial references in Tarsus historic city centre like similarly many multi-layered Turkey. data are mostly stored the traditional archives of museums or regional conservation councils. Although number archaeological researches using developing technological facilities and Geographical Information Systems is increasing gradually, it yet at a s...