Head injury is among the most devastating types of injury, specifically called Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). There a need to diminish morbidity related with TBI and improve outcome patients suffering TBI. Among improvements in treatment TBI, neuroprotection one upcoming improvements. Citicoline has been used management brain ischemia disorders, such as biochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokine...

Background & Aims: Release of proinflammatory cytokines after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of brain edema. Previous studies demonstrated that sex steroids decrease brain edema induced by TBI. In this study changes of brain cytokines after the administration of estrogen and progesterone 24 hours after TBI were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Female rats were divided into 7 gro...

BACKGROUND Feedback learning is essential for behavioral development. We investigated feedback learning in relation to behavior problems after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD Children aged 6-13 years diagnosed with TBI (n = 112; 1.7 years post-injury) were compared with children with traumatic control (TC) injury (n = 52). TBI severity was defined as mild TBI without risk facto...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important health issue with high mortality. Various complications of physiological and cognitive impairment may result in disability or death after TBI. Grouping of these complications could be treated as integrated post-TBI syndromes. To improve risk estimation, grouping TBI complications should be investigated, to better predict TBI mortality. This study aim...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common, preventable, and disabling health condition with heterogeneous aetiology, type, severity, and outcomes. Ongoing challenges in TBI care are reflected by rapidly growing literature in the prevention, assessment and treatment of TBI, especially in sports concussion and blast-related TBI. Recent advances include TBI modelling, to predict outcomes of TBI and...

BACKGROUND Psychiatric illness after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be prevalent in hospitalized and tertiary care patient populations. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of psychiatric illness after TBI in an adult health maintenance organization population. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Large staff-model health maintenance organization. PARTICIPANTS Nine hundre...

BACKGROUND We investigated the impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on attention, a prerequisite for behavioral and neurocognitive functioning. METHODS Children aged 6 to 13 years who were diagnosed with TBI (n = 113; mean 1.7 years postinjury) were compared with children with a trauma control injury (not involving the head) (n = 53). TBI severity was defined as mild TBI with or w...